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Meteorology > Chapter 9 - Turbulence And Windshear > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Turbulence And Windshear Flashcards

1
Q

What characteristics would an inversion have to be marked?

A

A temperature change of 10degC or more between surface and 1000ft.

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2
Q

What are the threats of a marked temperature inversion?

A

Lessened aircraft performance and marked wind shear.

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3
Q

How would you know about a marked temperature inversion when approaching or departing an airfield?

A

It will be broadcast on the air transport information service (ATIS)

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4
Q

How does a turbulence inversion form?

A

When turbulence causes mixing between the warmer air below and the colder air above a particular level.

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5
Q

Define turbulence.

A

Changing wind speed or direction over short distances.

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6
Q

Where can turbulence occur?

A

In cloud Near high ground The friction layer In thermals Near jet streams

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7
Q

When is turbulence reported?

A

When it is moderate to severe.

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8
Q

Where would you find the worst turbulence?

A

Cumulonimbus clouds Thunderstorms

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9
Q

What can be said about the turbulence related to thunderstorms?

A

It should be assumed severe.

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10
Q

What are some visual cues of turbulence?

A

CU clouds CB clouds Linticularis clouds Jet stream cirrus Obsticals

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11
Q

What defines light turbulence?

A

Accellerometer readings of less than 0.5g at CG.

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12
Q

What defines moderate turbulence and what is its affect on aircraft?

A

Accellerometer readings of between 0.5 and 1g. Aircraft effects: Deviation of aircraft attitude, but control remains Small variation in air speed Passengers have difficulty walking Occupants feel strain felt on seatbelts

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13
Q

What defines severe turbulence and what is its affect on aircraft?

A

Accellerometer readings of over 1g. Aircraft effects: Abrupt changes in attitude occur and may be out of control for a short time Large variation in airspeed Passengers will find it impossible to walk Occupants forced violently against seatbelts.

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14
Q

What is windshear?

A

Rapid change of direction and/or speed of wind.

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15
Q

Where do you find windshear?

A

Microbursts/gust fronts

Fronts

Inversions

Strong winds

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16
Q

Where do the worst wind shears occur?

A

Near the ground

Thunderstorms (no time to recover)

17
Q

When is light wind shear reported?

A

Never only significant wind shear will be reported.

18
Q

What happens to the section of wind that is close to land?

A

It backs by 30 degC, (Northern hemisphere), and halves in speed.

19
Q

How does wind shear affect an aircraft?

A

It causes:

Abrupt attitude changes

Speed changes

Sudden bank

Flight path deviation

20
Q

What is vertical wind shear and how is it measured?

A

The change of horizontal wind vector with height, measured in kts/100ft.

21
Q

What is horizontal wind shear and how is it measured?

A

The change in horizontal wind vector with horizontal distance, measured in kts/1000ft.

22
Q

What condition cause the worst wind shear?

A

Winds above 40kts

Variation of 10degC or more in inversions

23
Q

What are mountain waves/standing waves/lee waves?

A

Turbulent undulating waves of air that form above and downwind of a mountain range.

24
Q

What can the vertical and horizontal extent of mountain waves be?

A

50-100nm downwind and upwards to the tropopause.

25
Q

How fast can the upwards and downwards movement of air within mountain waves be?

A

Can exceed 200fpm

26
Q

What condition are required for mountain waves?

A

Stable air

Wind at 15kts or higher

Wind direction must be roughly constant and within 30deg of the perpendicular to the mountain range.

27
Q

What can be an indicator for mountain waves?

A

lenticularis cloud. However the absense of them doesnt mean there are no waves.

28
Q

If mountain waves occur, which side of the mountain is most dangerous?

A

The leeward side where the headwind is coming from mountain.

29
Q

How would you reseive wind shear wanrings?

A

Met men

ATS - Air Traffic Service

Pilots

The on board pre-encounter equipment

30
Q

What is the friction layer?

A

The layer of air in which the surface influences the air flow, also called the boundary layer.

Meteorology (24 decks)

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