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Meteorology > BGS - Post Its > Flashcards

BGS - Post Its Flashcards

1
Q

What is a blocking ainticyclone and where can you find them?

A

A quasi-stationary warm anticyclone, usually situated 50-70deg N.

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2
Q

What do isobars on a surface pressure chart represent?

A

Lines of equal QFF.

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3
Q

When and where is the easterly jet encountered?

A

In NH summer and it extends from SE Asia over southern India to central Africa.

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4
Q

Why is the rate of cooling of saturated air less than that of dry air?

A

Because heat is released in the condensation process.

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5
Q

What accumilates ice easier/quicker our of high and low performance wings?

A

high performance wings, due to travelling faster and therefore picking up ice quicker.

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6
Q

What is a GAMET?

A

An area forcast in abbreviated plain language for low level flights.

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7
Q

What time of year are polar front jet streams strongest?

A

Winter for both hemispheres

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8
Q

What are westerly waves and what kind of weather is experienced in them?

A

Polar front depressions.

Very changable weather.

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9
Q

What kind of cloud are TS usually preceded by?

A

AC castellanus due to very unstable weather.

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10
Q

What is the most significant location for ice to form?

A

Aft of the de-icing equipment.

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11
Q

What is the wind equation?

A

V = PGF/2*(pi)*(rho)*w*sin(lat)

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12
Q

What is the weather like on either side of a quasi-stationary front?

A

Heavy rain on both sides.

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13
Q

What is the average frequency of TRSs around the world?

A

SCS = approx 16

West of Darwin = approx 6

Everywhere else = approx 9

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14
Q

Where are pressure altitudes?

A

FLs (1013 set)

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15
Q

What defines a CAVOK situation?

A

No cloud below MSA and or 5000ft, whichever is higher

no CBs or TCBs

9999 vis.

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16
Q

How often are METARs issued and when are they valid for?

A

They are issued 1/2 hourly and are valid at the time of issue.

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17
Q

What are TRENDs and how long are they valid for?

A

A forecast at the end of a METAR and are valid for 2hours.

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18
Q

How frequently are TAFs issued and how long are they valid for?

A

Issued 3 hourly and are valid as stated in the TAF.

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19
Q

What forces are balanced in a geostrophic wind?

A

Coriolis force and PGF

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20
Q

What forces are balanced in a gradient wind?

A

Coriolis force, PGF and centrifugal force.

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21
Q

What is the mean time between polar front waves in western europe.

A

1 - 2 days

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22
Q

How does RVR usually compare to visibility?

A

RVR is usually better.

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23
Q

What do the codes for reporting CBs mean?

A

ISOL - individual

OCNL - well separated

FRQ - little or no spacing

EMBD - embedded in other cloud.

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24
Q

How are gust fronts formed?

A

From cold air outflow from a TS.

25
Q

What is the mean temperature in a polar climate?

A

below +10degC

26
Q

What kind of precipitation will a cloud containing both ice crystals and water vapour produce?

A

Snow initially which then melts into large raindrops at the surface.

27
Q

Where are squall lines most likely to be expected?

A

In front of a cold front.

28
Q

What do significant weath charts show?

A

A weather forecast for the time stated on the chart.

29
Q

What can satellite images be used for?

A

Locating fronts in area with few observation stations.

30
Q

What is the mean height of the tropical 0degC isotherm?

A

approx 16000ft.

31
Q

What characteristic weather is required for air masses to form?

A

High pressure and stable.

32
Q

Where is the RVR value shown in a METAR measured from?

A

The touch down point.

33
Q

Where do snow grains come from?

A

Frozen drizzle (stratus)

34
Q

When is tornado season?

A

Late spring, early summer.

35
Q

When do you consider a BECMG to have taken place?

A

For an improving situation, at the end of the stated time.

For a deteriorating situation, immediately.

36
Q

How is prevailing visibility worked out?

A

It is the greatest visibility reached by at least half the horizon circle.

37
Q

What is the visibility like in a cirrus cloud?

A

More than 1000m

38
Q

Where is the CAT in relation to a jet stream?

A

Within 6000ft of a jet stream core.

39
Q

How long can the conditions stated in a TEMPO last in any one instance and all together in the stated time?

A

No longer than an hour, and the total time spent in the conditions will be less than half the time stated.

40
Q

In the mid latitudes, what is the season variation of the tropopause height?

A

Approx 10000ft, FL250 - FL350

41
Q

What kind of precipitation reflects enough energy to be seen by a weather radar?

A

Hail and large rain drops.

42
Q

What is the life span of a tornado?

A

Up to 30mins

43
Q

What wind flows into the adriatic?

A

The Bora.

44
Q

What words are used to decribe:

Towing cumulus; capillatus; Fractus; Humulis?

A

Resembles cauliflower; ‘hairy’ top; broken into pieces; small vertical extent.

45
Q

What is fair weather Cu often an indication of?

A

Turbulence at and below the cloud level.

46
Q

What kind of precipitation does the coalescence process produce in the mid-latitudes?

A

Drizzle or light rain.

47
Q

What is the Mediteranean climate like?

A

Hot dry summers; warm wet winters; less than 700mm rainfall annually.

48
Q

Do polar and thermal lows occur over land or sea?

A

Polar lows only occur over the sea

Thermal lows can occur over either land or sea.

49
Q

What does the vertical extent of the friction layer depend on?

A

Stability, wind speed and roughness of surface.

50
Q

Where do the greatest number of TRSs occur globally?

A

NW Pacific affecting Japan, Taiwan, Korea and the Chinese coastline.

51
Q

Which way do rotors rotate in the mountain waves and TS gust fronts?

A

In mountain waves - clockwise

In TS gust fronts - anti-clockwise

52
Q

By how much should TSs be avoided by in low and high levels?

A

Low level - 10nm

High level - 20nm

53
Q

What is the difference between an AIRMET and a GAMET?

A

A GAMET is a low level area forecast whereas an AIRMET is more of a warning of weather that has not been forecast in the last GAMET.

54
Q

What type of stratus cloud can extend into multiple layers?

A

NS

55
Q

What is the variable location of the ITCZ around West Africa?

A

5deg - 20degN

56
Q

What kind of air mass is produced at the polar ice cap?

A

Arctic.

57
Q

Where are SNOWTAMs foudn and what do they look like?

A

In a METAR and are of the format:

RR T E DD BB

RR - runway

T - type of deposit

E - extend of runway coverage

DD - depth of deposot

BB - braking conditions

58
Q

How does saturation mixing ratio vary with temperature?

A

it increases exponentially.

59
Q

When metiorological phenomena should be included in PIREPs (special air reports)?

A

Mod/Sev Turb

Mod/Sev icing

Sev MW

OBSC/EMBD TS

Heavy dust/snowstorms

Volcanic ash cloud

(pre)eruption activity.

Meteorology (24 decks)

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