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PSY 242 > chapter 9 - the Visual System > Flashcards

chapter 9 - the Visual System Flashcards

1
Q

The electromagneticspectrum

A

gamma
X-ray
UV
VISIBLE LIGHT 400nm - 700nm
Infared
micro
radio

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2
Q

the longer the wave length, the ____ dangerous it is to us

A

less

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3
Q

what part of the spectrum do insects

A

visible light and UV

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4
Q

what part of the spectrum do snakes see in

A

infared

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5
Q

what part of the spectrum can birds see in

A

UV and visible light

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6
Q

the shorter the wave length, the ____ dangerous it is to us

A

more

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7
Q

how does the eye convert light into a signal?

A
  1. enters cornea (protection)
  2. through pupil (hole)
  3. Lens (focuses light)
  4. Retina (cones and Rods)
  5. Fovea (on retina)
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8
Q

which part of the eye dilates and constrict the pupil

A

iris

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9
Q

Myopia vs. Hyperopia vs. Presbyopia

A

MY-opia: can’t see far

HYPER-opia: can’t see close (lifelong)

PRESBY-opia: can’t see close (old-age)

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10
Q

Cells of the retina from back to front

A

RH BAG

ganglia (collect the signal)

amacrine (modulates the signal to detect motion)

bipolar (transmits signals from R&C)

horizontal (enhancing contrast and edge detection)

receptors (rods and cones)

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11
Q

describe the distribution of rods and cones acroess the retina

A

cones: heavily on the Fovea (high-res) 0*

rods: densist at 20* and dcreases towards edges (since periphral is mostly for motion detection, not high-res)

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12
Q

S-cones detect ____ at ___ nm wavelegnth
M-cones detect ____ at ___ nm wavelength
L-cones detect ____ at ___ nm wavelength

A

blue, 440
green, 540
red, 575

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13
Q

Scotopic vs. Photopic Vision

A

Scotopic
-nightime (rods)
-lower wavelengths
-monochromatic
-peripheral retina

Photopic
-daytime (cones)
-Higher wavelengths
-Full colour vision
-fovea

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14
Q

What is the purkinje shift?

A

As the environment becomes dimmer, your visual system transitions from cone-dominated photopic vision to rod-dominated scotopic vision.

Since rods are more sensitive to blue-green wavelengths and insensitive to red, colors like red and yellow start to fade.

At the same time, colors in the blue-green range might seem more noticeable or brighter because that’s where rods are most sensitive.

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15
Q

what do M and P cells have to do with the optic nerve?

A

M cells, “I easily see something is moving fast! I have no idea what it could be”

P cells, “hard to see what it is because its moving so fast but it looks like its a red ball”

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16
Q

optic chiasm

A

optic chiasm is a crucial structure in the visual pathway where some of the axons from the optic nerves cross over to the opposite side of the brain

17
Q

Geniculostriate Pathway: location, response, example

A

main pathway:
(location) Lateral Geniculate Nucleus LGN
(response) visual awarness / fine details
(example) reading a book

RETINOTOPIC MAP: each area on the retina has a coresponding place in the LGN

18
Q

Tectopulvinar Pathway: location, response, example

A

secondary pathway:
(location) visual signals to Superiour Colliculus (tectum)
(response) automatic responses / reflexes
(example) moving when a ball comes flying at you

19
Q

Retinohypothalamic Pathway: location, response, example

A

secondary pathway:
(location) visual signals to Superiour Colliculus SCN
(response) cicadian rhythms / biological clock
(example) sleep schedule

20
Q

what are the Parcocellular and Magnocellular areas of the LGN

A

Parvocellular 3, 4, 5, 6
P-cells (Slow, good for static images)

Magnocellular 1 , 2
M-cells (Fast, good for detecting motion)

21
Q

Who studied receptive fields of neurons along the visual pathway?

A

Hubel and Wiesel

22
Q

why does visual input go from LGN to the Occipital Lobe?

A

ganglia in the LGN projects a blurry outline

the Occipital Lobe creates a high-res and fine detailed image

23
Q

the central part of the visual field is represented at the ____ of the brain

A

back

24
Q

the peripheral areas of the visual field are located more _____

A

anteriorly (closer to middle compaired to back)

25
Q

The top part of your visual field is represented at the ____ of you brain

A

lower

26
Q

T or F

waves are coloured

A

false; colour is our perception of a wavelength

27
Q

Trichromacy

cones for red are ____
cones for green are _____
cones for blue are _____

A

long;
medium;
short;

the higher the wavelegnth, the higher the cone

28
Q

Dichromatism

is usually ___ and ____ colour blindness

A

red; green

29
Q

how can reflectance curve shift?

A

under sunlight, or under tungsten light

PSY 242 (9 decks)

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