Chapter 9: The Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
azot/o
A
nitrogenous waste
2
Q
bacteri/o
A
bacteria
3
Q
bi/o
A
life
4
Q
carcin/o
A
cancer
5
Q
corpor/o
A
body
6
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder, pouch
7
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
8
Q
glycos/o
A
sugar
9
Q
hem/o
A
blood
10
Q
hemat/o
A
blood
11
Q
hydr/o
A
water
12
Q
iatr/o
A
medicine
13
Q
idi/o
A
distinctive
14
Q
keton/o
A
ketones
15
Q
lith/o
A
stone
16
Q
meat/o
A
meatus
17
Q
necr/o
A
death
18
Q
nephr/o
A
kidney
19
Q
neur/o
A
nerve
20
Q
noct/i
A
night
21
Q
olig/o
A
scanty
22
Q
peritone/o
A
peritoneum
23
Q
protein/o
A
protein
24
Q
py/o
A
pus
25
pyel/o
renal pelvis
26
ren/o
kidney
27
tox/o
poison
28
ur/o
urine
29
ureter/o
ureter
30
urethr/o
urethra
31
urin/o
urine
32
ven/o
vein
33
-al
pertaining to
34
-algia
pain
35
-ar
pertaining to
36
-ary
pertaining to
37
-cele
protrusion
38
-eal
pertaining to
39
-ectasis
dilated
40
-ectomy
surgical removal
41
-emia
blood condition
42
-genic
producing
43
-gram
record
44
-graphy
process of recording
45
-ic
pertaining to
46
-itis
inflammation
47
-lith
stone
48
-lithiasis
condition of stones
49
-logy
study of
50
-lysis
to destroy
51
-malacia
abnormal softening
52
-megaly
enlarged
53
-meter
instrument to measure
54
-oma
tumor
55
-ory
pertaining to
56
-osis
abnormal condition
57
-ostomy
surgically create an opening
58
-otomy
cutting into
59
-ous
pertaining to
60
-pathy
disease
61
-pexy
surgical fixation
62
-plasty
surgical repair
63
-ptosis
drooping
64
-rrhagia
abnormal flow condition
65
-sclerosis
hardening
66
-scope
instrument to visually examine
67
-scopy
process of visually examining
68
-stenosis
narrowing
69
-tic
pertaining to
70
-tripsy
surgical crushing
71
-uria
urine condition
72
an-
without
73
anti-
against
74
dys-
painful, difficult
75
extra-
outside of
76
intra-
within
77
poly-
many
78
retro-
backward
79
cystic
pertaining to bladder
80
glomerular
pertaining to a glomerulus
81
meatal
pertaining to meatus
82
pyelitic
pertaining to renal pelvis
83
renal
pertaining to kidney
84
uretal
pertaining to ureter
85
urethral
pertaining to urethra
86
urinary
pertaining to urine
87
branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the kidney
nephrology
88
branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the urinary system (and male reproductive system)
urology
89
complete suppression of urine formed by the kidneys and a complete lack of urine excretion
anuria
90
accumulation of nitrogenous waste in bloodstream; occurs when the kidney fails to filter these wastes from the blood
azotemia
91
presence of bacteria in the urine
bacteriuria
92
stone formed within an organ by accumulation of mineral salts; found in kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, or urethra
calculus
93
urinary bladder pain
cystalgia
94
bladder stone
cystolith
95
abnormal bleeding from the urinary bladder
cystorrhagia
96
increased formation and excretion of urine
diuresis
97
difficult or painful urination
dysuria
98
involuntary discharge of urine after age by which bladder control should have been established; usually occurs by age five
enuresis
99
greater-than-normal occurrence in urge to urinate, without an increase in total daily volume of urine
frequency
100
presence of sugar in the urine
glycosuria
101
presence of blood in the urine
hematuria
102
decrease in force of urine stream, often with difficulty initiating flow
hesitancy
103
presence of ketones in urine
ketonuria
104
kidney stone
nephrolith
105
kidney is abnormally soft
nephromalacia
106
kidney is enlarged
nephromegaly
107
kidney tissue has become hardened
nephrosclerosis
108
having to urinate frequently during the night
nocturia
109
producing too little urine
oliguria
110
producing unusually large volume of urine
polyuria
111
presence of protein in urine
proteinuria
112
presence of pus in urine
pyuria
113
pain caused by kidney stone
renal colic
114
narrowing of passageway in the urinary system
stricture
115
accumulation of waste products (especially nitrogenous wastes) in bloodstream
uremia
116
ureter is stretched out or dilated
ureterectasis
117
stone in the ureter
ureterolith
118
ureter has become narrow
ureterostenosis
119
urethral pain
urethralgia
120
abnormal bleeding from the urethra
urethrorrhagia
121
urethra has become narrow
urethrostenosis
122
feeling need to urinate immediately
urgency
123
involuntary release of urine
urinary incontinence
124
inability to fully empty the bladder; often indicates blockage in the urethra
urinary retention
125
damage to and potential death of the renal tubules due to presence of toxins in urine or to ischemia
acute tubular necrosis
126
accumulation of damage to the glomerulus capillaries due to chronic high blood sugars of diabetes mellitus
diabetic nephrology
127
inflammation of the kidney (primarily of the glomerulus)
glomerulonephritis
128
distention of the renal pelvis due to urine collecting in the kidney; often result of obstruction of a ureter
hydronephrosis
129
kidney inflammation
nephritis
130
presence of calculi in the kidney
nephrolithiasis
131
kidney tumor
nephroma
132
general term describing the presence of kidney disease
nephropathy
133
downward displacement of the kidney out of its normal location
nephroptosis
134
damage to the glomerulus resulting in protein appearing in urine, proteinuria, and corresponding decrease in protein in bloodstream
nephrotic syndrome
135
formulation of multiple cysts within kidney tissue
polycystic kidneys
136
renal pelvis inflammation
pyelitis
137
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
pyelonephritis
138
cancerous tumor that arises from kidney tubule cells
renal cell carcinoma
139
inability of the kidneys to filter wastes from the blood, resulting in uremia
renal failure
140
malignant kidney tumor found most often in children
Wilms' tumor
141
cancerous tumor that arises from cells lining the bladder
bladder cancer
142
blockage of the bladder outlet; often caused by enlarged prostate gland in males
bladder neck obstruction
143
urinary bladder inflammation
cystitis
144
protrusion (or herniation) of the urinary bladder into wall of the vagina
cystocele
145
disease of unknown cause in which there is inflammation and irritation of the bladder
interstitial cystitis
146
loss of nervous control that leads to retention
neurogenic bladder
147
infection, usually from bacteria, of any organ of the urinary system
urinary tract infection
148
screen test for persons at risk for developing kidney disease; measures amount of albumin and creatinine in urine
albumin/creatinine ration (ACR)
149
blood test to measure kidney function by level of nitrogenous waste (urea) in blood
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
150
urine sample obtained after cleaning off urinary opening and catching or collecting a urine sample in midstream to minimize contamination from genitalia
clean catch specimen
151
test of kidney function; urine is collected for 24 hours, and the amount of creatinine in urine is compared to amount of creatinine that remains in bloodstream
creatinine clearance
152
test to measure kidney function; measures level of creatinine, a waste product of muscle metabolism, in urine and uses this in a formula that estimates how well glomeruli are filtering water out of bloodstream
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
153
laboratory test consisting of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
urinalysis
154
laboratory test of urine for bacterial infection
urine culture and sensitivity
155
instrument to measure specific gravity of urine; part of urinalysis
urinometer
156
x-ray record of the urinary bladder
cystogram
157
process of instilling contrast material or dye into the bladder by catheter to visualize the urinary bladder on x-ray
cystography
158
injecting dye into bloodstream and then taking x-ray to trace action of the kidney as it excretes dye in the urine
excretory urography
159
diagnostic x-ray procedure in which dye is injected into a vein and then x-rays are taken to visualize the renal pelvis as dye is removed by the kidney
intravenous pyelography
160
x-ray taken of the abdomen demonstrating kidneys, ureters, and bladder without using any contrast dye
kidneys, ureters, bladder
161
x-ray record of the kidney
nephrogram
162
x-ray record of the renal pevlis
pyelogram
163
diagnostic x-ray procedure in which dye is inserted through the urethra to outline bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis
retrograde pyelography
164
x-ray taken to visualize the urethra while patient is voiding after contrast dye is placed in the bladder
voiding cystourethrography
165
instrument used to visually examine inside of the urinary bladder
cystoscope
166
visual examination of the urinary bladder
cystoscopy
167
instrument to visually examine inside of the urethra
urethroscope
168
flexible tube inserted into body for purpose of moving fluids into or out of body
catheter
169
insertion of the tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye into the bladder to withdraw urine
catheterization
170
use of ultrasound waves from outside the body to break up stones; process does not require invasive surgery
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
171
use of artificial kidney machine that filters the blood of a person to remove waste products
hemodialysis
172
removal of toxic waste substances from body by placing warm, chemically balanced solutions into peritoneal cavity; wastes are filtered out of blood across peritoneum
peritoneal dialysis
173
surgical removal of the urinary bladder
cystectomy
174
surgical fixation of the urinary bladder, performed to correct cystocele
cystopexy
175
to repair a defect in the urinary bladder by surgical means
cystoplasty
176
to surgically create an opening into the urinary bladder through the abdominal wall
cystostomy
177
to cut into the urinary bladder
cystotomy
178
to cut into an organ for purpose of removing a stone
lithotomy
179
physical destruction of a stone in urinary system by crushing or sound waves
lithotripsy
180
to cut into the meatus in order to enlarge opening of the urethra
meatotomy
181
surgical removal of a kidney
nephrectomy
182
to cut into the kidney in order to remove stones
nephrolithotomy
183
surgical fixation of a kidney to anchor it in its normal anatomical position
nephropexy
184
to surgically create an opening into the kidney through the abdominal wall
nephrostomy
185
to cut into the kidney
nephrotomy
186
to repair the renal pelvis by surgical means
pyeloplasty
187
surgical placement of a donor kidney
renal transplant
188
substance that will neutralize poisons or their side effects
antidote
189
usually unfavorable response resulting from physician's actions, taking of medication, or a treatment
iatrogenic
190
unusual or abnormal response to drug or food
idiosyncrasy
191
response to drug other than effect desired
side effect
192
extent or degree to which a substance is poisonous
toxicity
193
used to treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract
antibiotic
194
used to prevent or reduce bladder muscle spasms
antispasmodic
195
increases volume of urine produced by the kidneys
diuretic
