Chapter 11: The Endocrine System

Question 1

acr/o

Answer 1

extremities

Question 2

aden/o

Answer 2

gland

Question 3

adren/o

Answer 3

adrenal gland

Question 4

adrenal/o

Answer 4

adrenal gland

Question 5

calc/o

Answer 5

calcium

Question 6

chem/o

Answer 6

drug

Question 7

cortic/o

Answer 7

outer layer

Question 8

crin/o

Answer 8

to secrete

Question 9

cyt/o

Answer 9

cell

Question 10

gluc/o

Answer 10

glucose

Question 11

glyc/o

Answer 11

sugar

Question 12

glycos/o

Answer 12

sugar

Question 13

gynec/o

Answer 13

female

Question 14

immun/o

Answer 14

protection

Question 15

kal/i

Answer 15

potassium

Question 16

ket/o

Answer 16

ketones

Question 17

lapar/o

Answer 17

abdomen

Question 18

lob/o

Answer 18

lobe

Question 19

mast/o

Answer 19

breast

Question 20

natr/o

Answer 20

sodium

Question 21

neur/o

Answer 21

nerve

Question 22

oththalm/o

Answer 22

eye

Question 23

or/o

Answer 23

mouth

Question 24

ovari/o

Answer 24

ovary

Question 25

pancreat/o

Answer 25

pancreas

Question 26

parathyroid/o

Answer 26

parathyroid gland

Question 27

pineal/o

Answer 27

pineal gland

Question 28

pituit/o

Answer 28

pituitary gland

Question 29

pituitar/o

Answer 29

pituitary gland

Question 30

radi/o

Answer 30

radiation

Question 31

retin/o

Answer 31

retina

Question 32

testicul/o

Answer 32

testes

Question 33

thym/o

Answer 33

thymus gland

Question 34

thry/o

Answer 34

thyroid gland

Question 39

-an

Answer 39

pertaining to

Question 39

toxic/o

Answer 39

poison

Question 39

-al

Answer 39

pertaining to

Question 39

thyroid/o

Answer 39

thyroid gland

Question 40

-ar

Answer 40

pertaining to

Question 40

-ary

Answer 40

pertaining to

Question 41

-dipsia

Answer 41

thirst

Question 42

-ectomy

Answer 42

surgical removal

Question 43

-edema

Answer 43

swelling

Question 44

-emia

Answer 44

blood condition

Question 45

-emic

Answer 45

pertaining to a blood condition

Question 46

-graphy

Answer 46

process of recording

Question 47

-ia

Answer 47

condition

Question 48

-ic

Answer 48

pertaining to

Question 49

-ism

Answer 49

state of

Question 50

-itis

Answer 50

inflammation

Question 51

-logy

Answer 51

study of

Question 52

-megaly

Answer 52

enlarged

Question 53

-meter

Answer 53

instrument to measure

Question 54

-oma

Answer 54

tumor

Question 55

-osis

Answer 55

abnormal condition

Question 56

-pathy

Answer 56

disease

Question 57

-prandial

Answer 57

pertaining to a meal

Question 58

-scopic

Answer 58

pertaining to visually examining

Question 59

-tic

Answer 59

pertaining to

Question 60

-uria

Answer 60

urine condition

Question 61

anti-

Answer 61

against

Question 62

endo-

Answer 62

within

Question 63

ex-

Answer 63

outward

Question 64

hyper-

Answer 64

excessive

Question 65

hypo-

Answer 65

insuffiicent

Question 66

pan-

Answer 66

all

Question 67

poly-

Answer 67

many

Question 68

post-

Answer 68

after

Question 69

adrenal

Answer 69

pertaining to adrenal glands

Question 70

ovarian

Answer 70

pertaining to ovary

Question 71

pancreatic

Answer 71

pertaining to pancreas

Question 72

parathyroidal

Answer 72

pertaining to parathyroid gland

Question 73

pineal

Answer 73

pertaining to pineal gland

Question 74

pituitary

Answer 74

pertaining to pituitary gland

Question 75

testicular

Answer 75

pertaining to testes

Question 76

thymic

Answer 76

pertaining to thymus gland

Question 77

thyroidal

Answer 77

pertaining to thyroid gland

Question 78

having one or both adrenal glands enlarged

Answer 78

adrenomegaly

Question 79

general term for adrenal gland disease

Answer 79

adrenopathy

Question 80

condition in which body tissues contain excessive amounts of fluid

Answer 80

edema

Question 81

general term for diseases of the endocrine system

Answer 81

endocrinopathy

Question 82

condition in which the eyeballs protrude, such as in Graves’ disease

Answer 82

exophthalmos

Question 83

having a high level of sugar excreted in urine

Answer 83

glycosuria

Question 84

development of breast tissue in males

Answer 84

gynecomastia

Question 85

condition of having excessive amount of hair

Answer 85

hirsutism

Question 86

condition of having high level of calcium in the blood

Answer 86

hypercalcemia

Question 87

condition of having high level of sugar in the blood

Answer 87

hyperglycemia

Question 88

condition of having high level of potassium in the blood

Answer 88

hyperkalemia

Question 89

excessive hormone production by an endocrine gland

Answer 89

hypersecretion

Question 90

condition of having low level of calcium in the blood

Answer 90

hypocalcemia

Question 91

condition of having low level of sugar in the blood

Answer 91

hypoglycemia

Question 92

condition of having low level of sodium in the blood

Answer 92

hyponatremia

Question 93

deficient hormone production by an endocrine gland

Answer 93

hyposecretion

Question 94

having abnormal amount of fat in the body

Answer 94

obesity

Question 95

excessive feeling of thirst

Answer 95

polydipsia

Question 96

condition of producing excessive amount of urine

Answer 96

polyuria

Question 97

group of symptoms and signs that when combined, present clinical picture of disease or condition

Answer 97

syndrome

Question 98

having enlarged thyroid gland

Answer 98

thryomegaly

Question 99

disease results from deficiency in adrenocortical hormones; may be increased pigmentation of skin, generalized weakness, and weight loss

Answer 99

Addison’s disease

Question 100

development of female secondary sexual characteristics in a male

Answer 100

adrenal feminization

Question 101

development of male secondary sexual characteristics in a female

Answer 101

adrenal virilism

Question 102

inflammation of one or both adrenal glands

Answer 102

adrenalitis

Question 103

set of symptoms caused by excessive levels of cortisol due to high doses of corticosteroid drugs and adrenal tumors

Answer 103

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 104

usually benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine

Answer 104

pheochromocytoma

Question 105

chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism resulting in hyperglycemia and glycosuria

Answer 105

diabetes mellitus

Question 106

secondary complication of diabetes that affects blood vessels of the retina, resulting in visual changes and even blindness

Answer 106

diabetic retinopathy

Question 107

type 1 diabetes mellitus; develops early in life when the pancreas stops insulin production

Answer 107

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Question 108

tumor of the islets of Langerhans cells of the pancreas that secretes excessive amount of insulin

Answer 108

insulinoma

Question 109

acidosis due to excess of acidic ketone bodies

Answer 109

ketoacidosis

Question 110

type 2 diabetes mellitus; the pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin, but cells fail to respond to it

Answer 110

non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Question 111

damage to nerves in lower legs and hands as result of diabetes mellitus

Answer 111

peripheral neuropathy

Question 112

hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone

Answer 112

hyperparathyroidism

Question 113

hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone

Answer 113

hypoparathyroidism

Question 114

excessive production of parathyroid hormone resulting in degeneration of bones

Answer 114

Recklinghausen disease

Question 115

nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia

Answer 115

tetany

Question 116

chronic disease of adults that results in elongation and enlargement of bones of head and extremities

Answer 116

acromegaly

Question 117

disorder caused by inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Answer 117

diabetes insipidus

Question 118

condition of being abnormally short in height

Answer 118

dwarfism

Question 119

excessive development of body due to overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland in child or teenager

Answer 119

gigantism

Question 120

hypersecretion of one or more pituitary gland hormones

Answer 120

hyperpituitarism

Question 121

hyposecretion of one or more pituitary gland hormones

Answer 121

hypopituitarism

Question 122

deficiency in all hormones secreted by the pituitary gland

Answer 122

panhypopituitarism

Question 123

inflammation of the thymus gland

Answer 123

thymitis

Question 124

tumor in the thymus gland

Answer 124

thymoma

Question 125

congenital condition in which lack of thyroid hormones may result in arrested physical and mental development

Answer 125

congenital hypothyroidism

Question 126

enlargement of the thyroid gland

Answer 126

goiter

Question 127

condition that results in overactivity of the thyroid gland and can cause a crisis situation

Answer 127

Graves’ disease

Question 128

chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis

Answer 128

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 129

hypersecretion of thyroid gland hormones

Answer 129

hyperthyroidism

Question 130

hyposecretion of thyroid gland hormones

Answer 130

hypothyroidism

Question 131

condition resulting from hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in adult

Answer 131

myxedema

Question 132

condition resulting from marked overproduction of the thyroid gland

Answer 132

thyrotoxicosis

Question 133

cancerous tumor in gland that is capable of producing hormones secreted by that gland

Answer 133

adenocarcinoma

Question 134

blood test to measure level of substances such as calcium, electrolytes, testosterone, insulin, and glucose

Answer 134

blood serum test

Question 135

blood test to measure amount of sugar circulating throughout body after 12-hour fast

Answer 135

fasting blood sugar

Question 136

test to determine blood sugar level

Answer 136

glucose tolerance test

Question 137

blood test to measure concentration of thyroxine (t4) circulating in bloodstream

Answer 137

protein-bound iodine test

Question 138

blood test that uses radioactively tagged hormones and antibodies to measure quantity of hormone in the plasma

Answer 138

radioimmunoassay

Question 139

blood test used to measure levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in bloodstream to assist in determining thyroid function

Answer 139

thyroid function test

Question 140

blood test to measure total amount of calcium to assist in detecting parathyroid and bone disorders

Answer 140

total calcium

Question 141

blood test to assist in evaluating glucose metabolism

Answer 141

two-hour postprandial glucose tolerance test

Question 142

ultrasound examination of thyroid that can assist in distinguishing a thyroid nodule from a cyst

Answer 142

thyroid echography

Question 143

test in which radioactive iodine is administered that localizes in the thyroid gland

Answer 143

thyroid scan

Question 144

surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands

Answer 144

adrenalectomy

Question 145

large dose of radioactive iodine is given in order to kill thyroid gland cells without having to actually do surgery

Answer 145

chemical thyroidectomy

Question 146

device designed for diabetic to use at home to measure level of glucose in bloodstream

Answer 146

glucometer

Question 147

artificial replacement of hormones in patients with hyposecretion disorders

Answer 147

hormone replacement therapy

Question 148

removal of the adrenal gland through small incision in abdomen and using endoscopic instruments

Answer 148

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

Question 149

removal of a lobe from an organ

Answer 149

lobectomy

Question 150

surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands

Answer 150

parathyroidectomy

Question 151

surgical removal of the pineal gland

Answer 151

pinealectomy

Question 152

surgical removal of the thymus gland

Answer 152

thymectomy

Question 153

surgical removal of the thyroid gland

Answer 153

thyroidectomy

Question 154

block production of thyroid hormones in patients with hypersecretion disorders

Answer 154

antithyroid agents

Question 155

inserts aquaporins in the nephron to treat hyponatremia

Answer 155

aquaretics

Question 156

although function of these hormones in body is to regulate carbohydrate metabolism, they also have strong anti-inflammatory action

Answer 156

corticosteroids

Question 157

hormone replacement therapy with human growth hormone in order to stimulate skeletal growth

Answer 157

human growth hormone therapy

Question 158

replaces insulin for type 1 diabetics or treats severe type 2 diabetics

Answer 158

insulin

Question 159

taken by mouth to cause decrease in blood sugar

Answer 159

oral hypoglycemic agents

Question 160

hormone replacement therapy for patients with hypothyroidism or who have had a thyroidectomy

Answer 160

thyroid replacement hormone