Chapter 12: The Nervous System

Question 1

alges/o

Answer 1

sense of pain

Question 2

angi/o

Answer 2

vessel

Question 3

arteri/o

Answer 3

artery

Question 4

astr/o

Answer 4

star

Question 5

cephal/o

Answer 5

head

Question 6

cerebell/o

Answer 6

cerebellum

Question 7

cerebr/o

Answer 7

cerebrum

Question 8

clon/o

Answer 8

rapid contracting and relaxing

Question 9

concuss/o

Answer 9

to shake violently

Question 10

crani/o

Answer 10

skull

Question 11

cutane/o

Answer 11

skin

Question 12

cyt/o

Answer 12

cell

Question 13

dur/o

Answer 13

dura mater

Question 14

electr/o

Answer 14

electricity

Question 15

encephal/o

Answer 15

brain

Question 16

esthesi/o

Answer 16

sensation, feeling

Question 17

gli/o

Answer 17

glue

Question 18

hal/o

Answer 18

to breathe

Question 19

hemat/o

Answer 19

blood

Question 20

hydr/o

Answer 20

water

Question 21

isch/o

Answer 21

to hold back

Question 22

later/o

Answer 22

side

Question 23

lumb/o

Answer 23

low back pain

Question 24

medull/o

Answer 24

medulla oblongata

Question 25

mening/o

Answer 25

meninges

Question 26

meningi/o

Answer 26

meninges

Question 27

ment/o

Answer 27

mind

Question 28

my/o

Answer 28

muscle

Question 29

myel/o

Answer 29

spinal cord

Question 30

neur/o

Answer 30

nerve

Question 31

poli/o

Answer 31

gray matter

Question 32

pont/o

Answer 32

pons

Question 33

radicul/o

Answer 33

nerve root

Question 34

scler/o

Answer 34

hard

Question 35

spin/o

Answer 35

spine

Question 36

thalam/o

Answer 36

thalamus

Question 37

thec/o

Answer 37

sheath

Question 38

tom/o

Answer 38

to cut

Question 39

ton/o

Answer 39

tone

Question 40

topic/o

Answer 40

a specific area

Question 41

vascul/o

Answer 41

blood vessel

Question 42

ven/o

Answer 42

vein

Question 43

ventricul/o

Answer 43

ventricle

Question 44

vertebr/o

Answer 44

vertebra

Question 45

-al

Answer 45

pertaining to

Question 46

-algia

Answer 46

pain

Question 47

-ar

Answer 47

pertaining to

Question 48

-ary

Answer 48

pertaining to

Question 49

-asthenia

Answer 49

weakness

Question 50

-cele

Answer 50

protrusion

Question 51

-eal

Answer 51

pertaining to

Question 52

-ectomy

Answer 52

surgical removal

Question 53

-emic

Answer 53

pertaining to a blood condition

Question 54

-gram

Answer 54

record

Question 55

-graphy

Answer 55

process of recording

Question 56

-ia

Answer 56

condition

Question 57

-ic

Answer 57

pertaining to

Question 58

-ical

Answer 58

pertaining to

Question 59

-ine

Answer 59

pertaining to

Question 60

-ion

Answer 60

action

Question 61

-itis

Answer 61

inflammation

Question 62

-logy

Answer 62

study of

Question 63

-nic

Answer 63

pertaining to

Question 64

-oma

Answer 64

tumor, mass

Question 65

-osis

Answer 65

abnormal condition

Question 66

-otomy

Answer 66

cutting into

Question 67

-ous

Answer 67

pertaining to

Question 68

-paresis

Answer 68

weakness

Question 69

-pathy

Answer 69

disease

Question 70

-phasia

Answer 70

speech

Question 71

-plasty

Answer 71

surgical repair

Question 72

-plegia

Answer 72

paralysis

Question 73

-rrhaphy

Answer 73

suture

Question 74

-taxia

Answer 74

muscle coordination

Question 75

-tic

Answer 75

pertaining to

Question 76

-trophic

Answer 76

pertaining to development

Question 77

type of epileptic seizure that lasts only a few seconds to half a minute, characterized by loss of awareness and absence of activity; petit mal seizure

Answer 77

absence seizure

Question 78

absence of pain

Answer 78

analgesia

Question 79

condition in which there is lack of feeling or sensation

Answer 79

anesthesia

Question 80

inability to communicate verbally or in writing due to damage of speech or language centers in the brain

Answer 80

aphasia

Question 81

lack of muscle coordination

Answer 81

ataxia

Question 82

sensations, such as seeing colors or smelling an unusual odor, that occur just prior to epileptic seizure or migraine headaches

Answer 82

aura

Question 83

headache

Answer 83

cephalalgia

Question 84

profound unconsciousness resulting from illness or injury

Answer 84

coma

Question 85

condition of being awake and aware of surroundings

Answer 85

conscious

Question 86

severe involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations

Answer 86

convulsion

Question 87

abnormal mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, and agitation

Answer 87

delirium

Question 88

progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with performing activities of daily living

Answer 88

dementia

Question 89

difficulty communicating verbally or in writing due to damage of speech or language centers in the brain

Answer 89

dysphasia

Question 90

localized seizure often affecting one limb

Answer 90

focal seizure

Question 91

weakness or loss of motion on one side of the body

Answer 91

hemiparesis

Question 92

paralysis on only one side of the body

Answer 92

hemiplegia

Question 93

condition of abnormally heightened sense of feeling, sense of pain, or sensitivity to touch

Answer 93

hyperesthesia

Question 94

muscle weakness in one limb

Answer 94

monoparesis

Question 95

paralysis of one limb

Answer 95

monoplegia

Question 96

nerve pain

Answer 96

neuralgia

Question 97

temporary or permanent loss of ability to control movement

Answer 97

palsy

Question 98

temporary or permanent loss of function or voluntary movement

Answer 98

paralysis

Question 99

paralysis of lower portion of the body and both legs

Answer 99

paraplegia

Question 100

abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling

Answer 100

paresthesia

Question 101

paralysis of all four limbs

Answer 101

quadriplegia

Question 102

sudden, uncontrollable onset of symptoms, such as in epileptic seizure

Answer 102

seizure

Question 103

state of being aware of surroundings and responding to stimuli only part of the time

Answer 103

semiconscious

Question 104

fainting

Answer 104

syncope

Question 105

type of severe epileptic seizure characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions

Answer 105

tonic-clonic seizure

Question 106

involuntary, repetitive, alternating movement of a part of the body

Answer 106

tremor

Question 107

state of being unaware of surroundings, with the inability to respond to stimuli

Answer 107

unconscious

Question 108

chronic, organic mental disorder consisting of dementia, which is more prevalent in adults after age 65

Answer 108

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 109

congenital defect in which portions of the brain do not develop

Answer 109

anencephaly

Question 110

tumor of brain or spinal cord composed of astrocytes

Answer 110

astrocytoma

Question 111

intracranial mass, either benign or malignant

Answer 111

brain tumor

Question 112

inflammation of the cerebellum

Answer 112

cerebellitis

Question 113

localized abnormal dilation of blood vessel, usually artery

Answer 113

cerebral aneurysm

Question 114

bruising of the brain from blow or impact

Answer 114

cerebral contusion

Question 115

brain damage resulting from defect, trauma, infection, or lack of oxygen before, during, or shortly after birth

Answer 115

cerebral palsy

Question 116

development of infarct due to loss in blood supply to area of the brain

Answer 116

cerebrovascular accident

Question 117

condition characterized by severe blow or repeated less severe blows to the head resulting in progressive degeneration of brain tissue

Answer 117

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Question 118

injury to the brain resulting from the brain being shaken inside the skull from blow or impact

Answer 118

concussion

Question 119

inflammation of the brain

Answer 119

encephalitis

Question 120

recurrent disorder of the brain in which seizures and loss of consciousness occur as result of uncontrolled electrical activity of neurons in the brain

Answer 120

epilepsy

Question 121

accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within ventricles of the brain, causing the head to be enlarged

Answer 121

hydrocephalus

Question 122

specific type of headache characterized by severe head pain, sensitivity to light, dizziness, and nausea

Answer 122

migraine

Question 123

chronic disorder of the nervous system with fine tremors, muscular weakness, rigidity, and shuffling gait

Answer 123

Parkinson’s disease

Question 124

combination of symptoms that includes acute encephalopathy and damage to various organs, especially the liver

Answer 124

Reye’s syndrome

Question 125

caused by violent shaking of infant or toddler

Answer 125

shaken baby syndrome

Question 126

temporary interference with blood supply to the brain, causing neurological symptoms such as dizziness, numbness, and hemiparesis

Answer 126

transient ischemic attack

Question 127

damage to the brain resulting from impact, blast waves, or penetrating projectile

Answer 127

traumatic brain injury

Question 128

condition with muscular weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord

Answer 128

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 129

congenital condition in which the meninges protrude through opening in the vertebral column

Answer 129

meningocele

Question 130

inflammation of the spinal cord

Answer 130

myelitis

Question 131

congenital condition in which meninges and spinal cord protrude through opening in the vertebral column

Answer 131

myelomeningocele

Question 132

viral inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord

Answer 132

poliomyelitis

Question 133

congenital defect in walls of the spinal canal in which laminae of the vertebra do not meet or close

Answer 133

spina bifida

Question 134

damage to the spinal cord as result of trauma

Answer 134

spinal cord injury

Question 135

one-sided facial paralysis due to inflammation of facial nerve, probably viral in nature

Answer 135

Bell’s palsy

Question 136

disease of the nervous system in which nerves lose their myelin covering

Answer 136

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Question 137

inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which there is extreme weakness and numbness due to loss of myelin insulation from around nerves that result in “hard” patches called plaques to appear

Answer 137

multiple sclerosis

Question 138

disease with severe muscular weakness and fatigue due to insufficient neurotransmitter at a synapse

Answer 138

myasthenia gravis

Question 139

nerve tumor or tumor of connective tissue sheath around a nerve

Answer 139

neuroma

Question 140

general term for disease or damage to a nerve

Answer 140

neuropathy

Question 141

inflammation of two or more nerves

Answer 141

polyneuritis

Question 142

inflammation of a nerve root

Answer 142

radiculitis

Question 143

refers to condition that occurs when a herniated nucleus pulposus puts pressure on a nerve root

Answer 143

radiculopathy

Question 144

eruption of painful blisters on body along a nerve path caused by Herpes zoster virus infection of nerve root

Answer 144

shingles

Question 145

chronic disorder characterized by sudden, sharp pain on one side of face in area served by the trigeminal cranial nerve

Answer 145

trigeminal neuralgia

Question 146

mass of blood in space outside the dura mater of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 146

epidural hematoma

Question 147

tumor in the meninges

Answer 147

meningioma

Question 148

inflammation of the meninges around brain or spinal cord caused by bacterial or viral infection

Answer 148

meningitis

Question 149

mass of blood forming beneath the dura mater if the meninges are torn by trauma

Answer 149

subdural hematoma

Question 150

laboratory examination of clear, watery, colorless fluid from within brain and spinal cord

Answer 150

cerebrospinal fluid analysis

Question 151

image of the brain taken after injection of radioactive isotopes into circulation

Answer 151

brain scan

Question 152

x-ray of blood vessels of the brain after injection of radiopaque dye

Answer 152

cerebral angiography

Question 153

imaging technique able to produce cross-sectional view of body

Answer 153

computed tomography scan

Question 154

recording of ultrasonic echoes of the brain

Answer 154

echoencephalography

Question 155

x-ray record of the spinal cord

Answer 155

myelogram

Question 156

injection of radiopaque dye into the spinal canal

Answer 156

myelography

Question 157

image of the brain cut along a plane produced by measuring gamma rays emitted from the brain after injecting glucose tagged with positively charged isotopes

Answer 157

positron emission tomography

Question 158

reflex test to determine lesions and abnormalities in the nervous system

Answer 158

Babinski’s reflex

Question 159

record of the brain’s electrical patterns

Answer 159

electroencephalogram

Question 160

recording electrical activity of the brain by placing electrodes at variouspositions on the scalp

Answer 160

electroencephalography

Question 161

puncture with needle into lumbar area to withdraw fluid for examination and for injection of anesthesia

Answer 161

lumbar puncture

Question 162

test to determine if nerves have been damaged by recording rate an electrical impulse is able to travel along a nerve

Answer 162

nerve conduction velocity

Question 163

administering medication to produce loss of feeling or sensation

Answer 163

anesthesia

Question 164

produces loss of consciousness including absence of pain sensation

Answer 164

general anesthesia

Question 165

route for administering general anesthesia by breathing it in

Answer 165

inhalation anesthesia

Question 166

route for administering general anesthesia via injection into vein

Answer 166

intravenous anesthesia

Question 167

produces loss of sensation in one localized part of body

Answer 167

local anesthesia

Question 168

interrupts patient’s pain sensation in region of body, such as the arm

Answer 168

regional anesthesia

Question 169

method of applying local anesthesia involving injecting anesthetic under the skin

Answer 169

subcutaneous anesthesia

Question 170

method of applying local anesthesia involving placing liquid or gel directly onto specific area of skin

Answer 170

topical anesthesia

Question 171

injection of regional anesthetic to stop passage of sensory or pain impulses along a nerve path

Answer 171

nerve block

Question 172

application of mild electrical current by device with electrodes placed on skin over a painful area

Answer 172

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Question 173

surgical procedure for removing obstruction within carotid artery, a major artery in the neck that carries oxygenated blood to the brain

Answer 173

carotid endarterectomy

Question 174

surgical procedure in which bypass is created to drain cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 174

cerebrospinal fluid shunt

Question 175

removal of a portion of a vertebra, called the lamina, in order to relieve pressure on spinal nerve

Answer 175

laminectomy

Question 176

surgical removal of a nerve

Answer 176

neurectomy

Question 177

surgical repair of a nerve

Answer 177

neuroplasty

Question 178

to suture a nerve back together

Answer 178

neurorrhaphy

Question 179

precision cutting of a nerve tract in the spinal cord

Answer 179

tractotomy

Question 180

treats minor to moderate pain without loss of consciousness

Answer 180

analgesic

Question 181

produces loss of sensation or loss of consciousness

Answer 181

anesthetic

Question 182

reduces excitability of neurons and therefore prevents uncontrolled neuron activity associated with seizures

Answer 182

anticonvulsant

Question 183

treat Parkinson’s disease by either replacing dopamine that is lacking or increasing strength of dopamine that is present

Answer 183

dopaminergic drugs

Question 184

promotes sleep

Answer 184

hypnotic

Question 185

treats severe pain

Answer 185

narcotic analgesic

Question 186

has relaxing or calming effect

Answer 186

sedative