Chapter 12: The Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
alges/o
A
sense of pain
2
Q
angi/o
A
vessel
3
Q
arteri/o
A
artery
4
Q
astr/o
A
star
5
Q
cephal/o
A
head
6
Q
cerebell/o
A
cerebellum
7
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum
8
Q
clon/o
A
rapid contracting and relaxing
9
Q
concuss/o
A
to shake violently
10
Q
crani/o
A
skull
11
Q
cutane/o
A
skin
12
Q
cyt/o
A
cell
13
Q
dur/o
A
dura mater
14
Q
electr/o
A
electricity
15
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
16
Q
esthesi/o
A
sensation, feeling
17
Q
gli/o
A
glue
18
Q
hal/o
A
to breathe
19
Q
hemat/o
A
blood
20
Q
hydr/o
A
water
21
Q
isch/o
A
to hold back
22
Q
later/o
A
side
23
Q
lumb/o
A
low back pain
24
Q
medull/o
A
medulla oblongata
25
mening/o
meninges
26
meningi/o
meninges
27
ment/o
mind
28
my/o
muscle
29
myel/o
spinal cord
30
neur/o
nerve
31
poli/o
gray matter
32
pont/o
pons
33
radicul/o
nerve root
34
scler/o
hard
35
spin/o
spine
36
thalam/o
thalamus
37
thec/o
sheath
38
tom/o
to cut
39
ton/o
tone
40
topic/o
a specific area
41
vascul/o
blood vessel
42
ven/o
vein
43
ventricul/o
ventricle
44
vertebr/o
vertebra
45
-al
pertaining to
46
-algia
pain
47
-ar
pertaining to
48
-ary
pertaining to
49
-asthenia
weakness
50
-cele
protrusion
51
-eal
pertaining to
52
-ectomy
surgical removal
53
-emic
pertaining to a blood condition
54
-gram
record
55
-graphy
process of recording
56
-ia
condition
57
-ic
pertaining to
58
-ical
pertaining to
59
-ine
pertaining to
60
-ion
action
61
-itis
inflammation
62
-logy
study of
63
-nic
pertaining to
64
-oma
tumor, mass
65
-osis
abnormal condition
66
-otomy
cutting into
67
-ous
pertaining to
68
-paresis
weakness
69
-pathy
disease
70
-phasia
speech
71
-plasty
surgical repair
72
-plegia
paralysis
73
-rrhaphy
suture
74
-taxia
muscle coordination
75
-tic
pertaining to
76
-trophic
pertaining to development
77
type of epileptic seizure that lasts only a few seconds to half a minute, characterized by loss of awareness and absence of activity; petit mal seizure
absence seizure
78
absence of pain
analgesia
79
condition in which there is lack of feeling or sensation
anesthesia
80
inability to communicate verbally or in writing due to damage of speech or language centers in the brain
aphasia
81
lack of muscle coordination
ataxia
82
sensations, such as seeing colors or smelling an unusual odor, that occur just prior to epileptic seizure or migraine headaches
aura
83
headache
cephalalgia
84
profound unconsciousness resulting from illness or injury
coma
85
condition of being awake and aware of surroundings
conscious
86
severe involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations
convulsion
87
abnormal mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, and agitation
delirium
88
progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with performing activities of daily living
dementia
89
difficulty communicating verbally or in writing due to damage of speech or language centers in the brain
dysphasia
90
localized seizure often affecting one limb
focal seizure
91
weakness or loss of motion on one side of the body
hemiparesis
92
paralysis on only one side of the body
hemiplegia
93
condition of abnormally heightened sense of feeling, sense of pain, or sensitivity to touch
hyperesthesia
94
muscle weakness in one limb
monoparesis
95
paralysis of one limb
monoplegia
96
nerve pain
neuralgia
97
temporary or permanent loss of ability to control movement
palsy
98
temporary or permanent loss of function or voluntary movement
paralysis
99
paralysis of lower portion of the body and both legs
paraplegia
100
abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling
paresthesia
101
paralysis of all four limbs
quadriplegia
102
sudden, uncontrollable onset of symptoms, such as in epileptic seizure
seizure
103
state of being aware of surroundings and responding to stimuli only part of the time
semiconscious
104
fainting
syncope
105
type of severe epileptic seizure characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions
tonic-clonic seizure
106
involuntary, repetitive, alternating movement of a part of the body
tremor
107
state of being unaware of surroundings, with the inability to respond to stimuli
unconscious
108
chronic, organic mental disorder consisting of dementia, which is more prevalent in adults after age 65
Alzheimer's disease
109
congenital defect in which portions of the brain do not develop
anencephaly
110
tumor of brain or spinal cord composed of astrocytes
astrocytoma
111
intracranial mass, either benign or malignant
brain tumor
112
inflammation of the cerebellum
cerebellitis
113
localized abnormal dilation of blood vessel, usually artery
cerebral aneurysm
114
bruising of the brain from blow or impact
cerebral contusion
115
brain damage resulting from defect, trauma, infection, or lack of oxygen before, during, or shortly after birth
cerebral palsy
116
development of infarct due to loss in blood supply to area of the brain
cerebrovascular accident
117
condition characterized by severe blow or repeated less severe blows to the head resulting in progressive degeneration of brain tissue
chronic traumatic encephalopathy
118
injury to the brain resulting from the brain being shaken inside the skull from blow or impact
concussion
119
inflammation of the brain
encephalitis
120
recurrent disorder of the brain in which seizures and loss of consciousness occur as result of uncontrolled electrical activity of neurons in the brain
epilepsy
121
accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within ventricles of the brain, causing the head to be enlarged
hydrocephalus
122
specific type of headache characterized by severe head pain, sensitivity to light, dizziness, and nausea
migraine
123
chronic disorder of the nervous system with fine tremors, muscular weakness, rigidity, and shuffling gait
Parkinson's disease
124
combination of symptoms that includes acute encephalopathy and damage to various organs, especially the liver
Reye's syndrome
125
caused by violent shaking of infant or toddler
shaken baby syndrome
126
temporary interference with blood supply to the brain, causing neurological symptoms such as dizziness, numbness, and hemiparesis
transient ischemic attack
127
damage to the brain resulting from impact, blast waves, or penetrating projectile
traumatic brain injury
128
condition with muscular weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons of the spinal cord
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
129
congenital condition in which the meninges protrude through opening in the vertebral column
meningocele
130
inflammation of the spinal cord
myelitis
131
congenital condition in which meninges and spinal cord protrude through opening in the vertebral column
myelomeningocele
132
viral inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord
poliomyelitis
133
congenital defect in walls of the spinal canal in which laminae of the vertebra do not meet or close
spina bifida
134
damage to the spinal cord as result of trauma
spinal cord injury
135
one-sided facial paralysis due to inflammation of facial nerve, probably viral in nature
Bell's palsy
136
disease of the nervous system in which nerves lose their myelin covering
Guillain-Barre syndrome
137
inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which there is extreme weakness and numbness due to loss of myelin insulation from around nerves that result in "hard" patches called plaques to appear
multiple sclerosis
138
disease with severe muscular weakness and fatigue due to insufficient neurotransmitter at a synapse
myasthenia gravis
139
nerve tumor or tumor of connective tissue sheath around a nerve
neuroma
140
general term for disease or damage to a nerve
neuropathy
141
inflammation of two or more nerves
polyneuritis
142
inflammation of a nerve root
radiculitis
143
refers to condition that occurs when a herniated nucleus pulposus puts pressure on a nerve root
radiculopathy
144
eruption of painful blisters on body along a nerve path caused by Herpes zoster virus infection of nerve root
shingles
145
chronic disorder characterized by sudden, sharp pain on one side of face in area served by the trigeminal cranial nerve
trigeminal neuralgia
146
mass of blood in space outside the dura mater of the brain and spinal cord
epidural hematoma
147
tumor in the meninges
meningioma
148
inflammation of the meninges around brain or spinal cord caused by bacterial or viral infection
meningitis
149
mass of blood forming beneath the dura mater if the meninges are torn by trauma
subdural hematoma
150
laboratory examination of clear, watery, colorless fluid from within brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid analysis
151
image of the brain taken after injection of radioactive isotopes into circulation
brain scan
152
x-ray of blood vessels of the brain after injection of radiopaque dye
cerebral angiography
153
imaging technique able to produce cross-sectional view of body
computed tomography scan
154
recording of ultrasonic echoes of the brain
echoencephalography
155
x-ray record of the spinal cord
myelogram
156
injection of radiopaque dye into the spinal canal
myelography
157
image of the brain cut along a plane produced by measuring gamma rays emitted from the brain after injecting glucose tagged with positively charged isotopes
positron emission tomography
158
reflex test to determine lesions and abnormalities in the nervous system
Babinski's reflex
159
record of the brain's electrical patterns
electroencephalogram
160
recording electrical activity of the brain by placing electrodes at variouspositions on the scalp
electroencephalography
161
puncture with needle into lumbar area to withdraw fluid for examination and for injection of anesthesia
lumbar puncture
162
test to determine if nerves have been damaged by recording rate an electrical impulse is able to travel along a nerve
nerve conduction velocity
163
administering medication to produce loss of feeling or sensation
anesthesia
164
produces loss of consciousness including absence of pain sensation
general anesthesia
165
route for administering general anesthesia by breathing it in
inhalation anesthesia
166
route for administering general anesthesia via injection into vein
intravenous anesthesia
167
produces loss of sensation in one localized part of body
local anesthesia
168
interrupts patient's pain sensation in region of body, such as the arm
regional anesthesia
169
method of applying local anesthesia involving injecting anesthetic under the skin
subcutaneous anesthesia
170
method of applying local anesthesia involving placing liquid or gel directly onto specific area of skin
topical anesthesia
171
injection of regional anesthetic to stop passage of sensory or pain impulses along a nerve path
nerve block
172
application of mild electrical current by device with electrodes placed on skin over a painful area
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
173
surgical procedure for removing obstruction within carotid artery, a major artery in the neck that carries oxygenated blood to the brain
carotid endarterectomy
174
surgical procedure in which bypass is created to drain cerebrospinal fluid
cerebrospinal fluid shunt
175
removal of a portion of a vertebra, called the lamina, in order to relieve pressure on spinal nerve
laminectomy
176
surgical removal of a nerve
neurectomy
177
surgical repair of a nerve
neuroplasty
178
to suture a nerve back together
neurorrhaphy
179
precision cutting of a nerve tract in the spinal cord
tractotomy
180
treats minor to moderate pain without loss of consciousness
analgesic
181
produces loss of sensation or loss of consciousness
anesthetic
182
reduces excitability of neurons and therefore prevents uncontrolled neuron activity associated with seizures
anticonvulsant
183
treat Parkinson's disease by either replacing dopamine that is lacking or increasing strength of dopamine that is present
dopaminergic drugs
184
promotes sleep
hypnotic
185
treats severe pain
narcotic analgesic
186
has relaxing or calming effect
sedative
