Chapter 9 The Human Population

Question 1

have the highest birth rates

Answer 1

least-developed countries

Question 2

the distribution of ages in a specific population at a certain time

Answer 2

age structure

Question 3

percentage of members of a group who are likely to survive to a given age

Answer 3

survivorship

Question 4

movement of individuals into or out of a population

Answer 4

migration

Question 5

the study of population

Answer 5

demography

Question 6

movement of people into cities from rural areas

Answer 6

urbanization

Question 7

land that can be used to grow crops

Answer 7

arable land

Question 8

average number of years a person is likely to live

Answer 8

life expectancy

Question 9

the basic facilities and services that support a community

Answer 9

infrastructure

Question 10

a model that describes how changes in a population will occur

Answer 10

demographic transition

Question 11

An increase in water-borne diseases could possibly be alleviated by

a. adequate sewage treatment facilities for growing populations.
b. very rapid growth of large cities.
c. sufficient fuel wood.
d. Both (a) and (b)

Answer 11

a. adequate sewage treatment facilities for growing populations.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of human demographic trends?
a. In pre industrial societies, birth rates are low and the
population grows rapidly.
b. When the average number of children born to each woman
falls, the total population always increases.
c. When birth rates and death rates are both high, the population
grows slowly, if at all.
d. Death rates rise in the third stage of the demographic transition.

Answer 12

c. When birth rates and death rates are both high, the population
grows slowly, if at all.

Question 13

Between 1880 and 1930 human population doubled due to

a. the Industrial Revolution.
b. a combination of high birth rates and lowered death rates.
c. improvements in societal infrastructure and services.
d. All of the above

Answer 13

d. All of the above

Question 14

Countries that have entered the third stage of demographic transition are most probably characterized by

a. weak or developing economies.
b. death rates that far exceed birth rates.
c. societal conditions that favor smaller families.
d. populations with a high proportion of young people.

Answer 14

c. societal conditions that favor smaller families.

Question 15

Which of the following is a reason that wood is considered a limited resource in many developing countries?

a. Wood is used in place of money to buy food.
b. Fuel wood allows people to purify their water by boiling it.
c. Excess wood is used to construct shantytowns.
d. People cut down trees faster than they can grow.

Answer 15

d. People cut down trees faster than they can grow.

Question 16

During Stage 2 of a population’s demographic transition, the death rate

a. increases
b. decreases
c. remains the same
d. is zero

Answer 16

b. decreases

Question 17

Since 1970, fertility rates have
a. increased in both more-developed and less-developed
countries.
b. increased in more-developed and decreased in less-
developed countries.
c. decreased in both more-developed and less-developed
countries.
d. decreased in more-developed and increased in less-
developed countries.

Answer 17

c. decreased in both more-developed and less-developed

countries.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a strategy that would reduce population size?

a. limiting education for women
b. public advertising
c. economic incentives
d. legal punishments

Answer 18

a. limiting education for women

Question 19

Scientists predict population sizes by using
a. survivorship, migration, life expectancy, and replacement
structure.
b. life expectancy, age structure, fertility rate, and migration.
c. replacement rate, fertility rate, age rates, and survivorship.
d. age structure, survivorship, fertility rate, and migration.

Answer 19

d. age structure, survivorship, fertility rate, and migration.

Question 20

Age structure data include all of the following except
a. members of a population who are between 5 and 11 years
old.
b. the ratio of males to females in a population.
c. the amount of population change due to immigration or
emigration.
d. the ratio of older people to younger people in a population.

Answer 20

c. the amount of population change due to immigration or

emigration.