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Management Information Systems > Chapter 9: Systems Development and Project Management - Corporate Responsibility > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Systems Development and Project Management - Corporate Responsibility Flashcards

1
Q

What is conversion?

A

The process of transferring information from a legacy system to a new system.

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2
Q

What is off-the-shelf application software?

A

Supports general business processes and does not require any specific software customization to meet the organization’s needs.

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3
Q

What is SDLC?

A

Systems development life cycle - overall process for developing information systems from planning and analysis through to implementation and maintenance.

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4
Q

What are the 7 distinct phases of the SDLC?

A
  1. Planning
  2. Analysis
  3. Design
  4. Development
  5. Testing
  6. Implementation
  7. Maintenance
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5
Q

What is a change agent?

A

A person or event that is the catalyst for implementing major changes for a system to meet business changes.

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6
Q

What is the project scope?

A

Describes the business need and the justification, requirements and current boundaries for the project.

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7
Q

What is the project plan?

A

A formal, approved document that manages and controls the entire project.

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8
Q

What occurs in the analysis phase of the SDLC?

A

The firm analyzes its end-user business requirements and refines project goals into defined functions and operations of the intended system.

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9
Q

What are business requirements?

A

Specific business requests the system must meet to be successful.

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10
Q

What happens if a system does not meet its business requirements?

A

It will be considered a failed project.

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11
Q

What is requirements management?

A

The process of managing changes to the business requirements throughout the project.

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12
Q

What is a requirements definition document?

A

Prioritizes all of the business requirements by order of importance to the company.

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13
Q

What is sign-off?

A

Users’ actual signatures, indicating that they approve all of the business requirements.

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14
Q

What is process modeling?

A

Graphically representing the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute information between a system and its environment.

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15
Q

What is a a data flow diagram (DFD)?

A

Illustrates the movement of information between external entities and the processes and data stores within the system.

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16
Q

What are CASE tools?

A

Computer-aided software engineering tools which are software suites that automate systems analysis, design, and development.

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17
Q

What is pseudocode?

A

Fake code - an informal description of how the computer program should work. Intended for human reading rather than machine reading.

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18
Q

What occurs during the development phase of SDLC?

A

Transforms all detailed design documents from the design phase into the actual system. The project transitions from preliminary designs to actual physical implementation.

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19
Q

What is COBIT?

A

Control objects for information and related technology - set of best practices that helps an organization maximize the benefits of an information system while establishing appropriate controls to ensure minimum errors.

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20
Q

What is the difference between programming and scripting language?

A

Programming language organizes program instructions that execute computer commands. Scripting language is a programming method that provides for interactive modules to a website.

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21
Q

What are object-oriented languages?

A

Programming language that groups data and corresponding processes into objects.

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22
Q

What are fourth-generation languages?

A

Programming languages that look similar to human languages.

23
Q

What are test conditions during the testing phase of the SDLC?

A

Detail the steps the system must perform along with the expected results of each step.

24
Q

What happens when a tester executes test conditions and the actual results are different than the expected results?

A

A bug is generated and the system must be fixed in development.

25
Q

What occurs during the implementation phase of the SDLC?

A

The organization places the system into production so users can begin to perform actual business operations with it.

26
Q

What is the user documentation and when is it created?

A

Created during the implementation phase, highlights how to use the system and how to troubleshoot issues or problems.

27
Q

What is the waterfall methodology?

A

A sequence of phases in which the output of each phase becomes the input for the next.

28
Q

What are the main issues associated with the waterfall methodology?

A

Unexpected contingencies can sabotage the plan, it assumes users can specify all business requirements in advance.

29
Q

What is prototyping?

A

Modern design approach by which designers and system users use an iterative approach to building the system.

30
Q

What is discovery prototyping?

A

Builds a small-scale representation or working model of the system to ensure it meets requirements.

31
Q

What does iterative development consist of?

A

A series of tiny projects.

32
Q

What is an agile software development methodology?

A

Aims for customer satisfaction through early and continuous delivery of useful software components developed by an iterative process using the bare minimum requirements.

33
Q

What are the (4) primary forms of agile methodologies?

A
  1. Rapid prototyping or rapid application development (RAD)
  2. Extreme programming (XP)
  3. Rational unified process (RUP)
  4. Scrum
34
Q

What is Rapid Application Development (RAD)?

A

Agile methodology emphasizing extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of working prototypes of a system to accelerate systems development process.

35
Q

What is Extreme Programming (XP)?

A

Agile methodology that breaks a project into 4 phases and developers cannot continue to the next phase until the previous phase is complete.

36
Q

What are the 4 basic XP phases?

A

Extreme programming.

  1. Planning
  2. Designing
  3. Coding
  4. Testing
37
Q

What is rational unified process (RUP)?

A

Methodology owned by IBM breaks software development down into 4 gates. Each gate consists of executable iterations of the software in development. Software either moves to the next gate or is cancelled.

38
Q

What is scrum?

A

Agile methodology that uses small teams to produce small pieces of software using a series of sprints (30-day intervals) to achieve a goal.

39
Q

What are the (6) types of feasibility studies?

A
  1. Economic feasibility
  2. Operational feasibility
  3. Schedule feasibility
  4. Technical feasibility
  5. Political feasibility
  6. Legal feasibility
40
Q

What is the triple constraint?

A

Relationship between the three primary and independent variables in any project - time, cost, and scope. If one changes, at least one other will likely be affected.

41
Q

What is a project charter?

A

Written description of the project’s intended work. May contain the name of the sponsor, project’s benefits to the organization, a description of the objectives, the expected time frame, and a budget.

42
Q

What is a kill switch?

A

A trigger that enables a project manager to close a project before completion.

43
Q

What are the two primary diagrams used most frequently in project planning?

A

PERT and Gantt

44
Q

What is a PERT chart?

A

Project Evaluation and Review Technique. Graphical network model that depicts a project’s tasks and the relationships between them. They define dependency between project tasks before those tasks are scheduled.

45
Q

What is a critical path analysis?

A

Project diagramming method used to predict total project duration.

46
Q

What is slack?

A

The amount of time an activity may be delayed without delaying a succeeding activity or the project finish date.

47
Q

What is a critical path?

A

Series of activities that determine the earliest time by which the project can be completed

48
Q

What is a Gantt chart?

A

Simple bar chart that lists project tasks vertically against the project’s time frame (horizontally)

49
Q

What is scope screep?

A

Tendency to permit changes that exceed a project’s scope and may wreak havoc on schedule, quality or budget.

50
Q

What is a scope creep parking lot?

A

A list of additional ideas proposed during a project parked to be revisited later

51
Q

What is a work breakdown structure (WBS)?

A

Plan that breaks down a project’s goals into the many deliverables required to achieve it. WBS subdivides complex activities into their most manageable units.

52
Q

How does offshore outsourcing differ from nearshore outsourcing?

A

Offshore means using organizations from developing countries to write code and develop systems. Nearshore outsourcing is contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby country.

53
Q

What are (3) challenges associated with outsourcing?

A
  1. Length of contract - can be difficult to break
  2. Threat to competitive advantage
  3. Loss of confidentiality

Management Information Systems (8 decks)

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