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Management Information Systems > Chapter 5: Infrastructures - Sustainable Technologies > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Infrastructures - Sustainable Technologies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MIS infrastructure?

A

Includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data, processes, and MIS assets.

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2
Q

What is hardware and what is software?

A

Hardware consists of physical devices associated with a computer system and software is the set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks.

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3
Q

What is a network?

A

A communications system created by linking two or more devices and establishing a standard methodology in which they can communicate.

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4
Q

How does a client and server network work?

A

A client is a computer designed to request information from a server and the server is a computer dedicated to providing information in response to requests.

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5
Q

What is an enterprise architect?

A

Person grounded in technology, fluent in business, able to provide the important bridge between MIS and the business.

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6
Q

What does Information MIS Infrastructure support and what does it do?

A

Supports operations by identifying where and how important info is maintained and secured.

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7
Q

What does Agile MIS Infrastructure support and what does it do?

A

Supports change, includes hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provides the underlying foundation to support the organization’s goals.

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8
Q

What does Sustainable MIS Infrastructure support and what does it do?

A

Supports the environment by identifying ways that a company can grow in terms of computing resources while simultaneously becoming less dependent on hardware and energy consumption

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9
Q

What three primary elements does an information infrastructure provide?

A

A backup and recovery plan, a disaster recovery plan, a business continuity plan.

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10
Q

What is a backup and what is recovery?

A

A backup is a copy of a system’s information. Recovery is the ability to get a system back up and running.

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11
Q

What is fault tolerance?

A

The ability for a system to respond to unexpected failures or system crashes as the backup system immediately and automatically takes over with no loss of service.

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12
Q

Who uses fault-tolerance and why?

A

Mission-critical applications and operations due to it being an expensive form of backup

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13
Q

What is failover?

A

A specific type of fault tolerance that occurs when a redundant storage server offers an exact replica of the real-time data, if the primary server crashes, the users are automatically directed to another server.

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14
Q

What is failback?

A

Occurs when the primary machine recovers and resumes operations, taking over from the secondary server.

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15
Q

What is a hot site?

A

A separate and fully equipped facility where a company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business.

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16
Q

What is a cold site?

A

A separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but employees can move here after a disaster.

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17
Q

What is a warm site?

A

A separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration that a company can move to in the event of a disaster.

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18
Q

What is a disaster recovery cost curve?

A

Illustrates the relationship between cost and the time it would take for a company to recover from a disaster

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19
Q

What is business continuity planning (BCP)?

A

Details how a company recovers and restores critical business operations and systems after a disaster or extended disruption

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20
Q

What is a business impact analysis?

A

Identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have on them. Used to ensure that the company has made the right decisions about the order of recovery priorities and strategies.

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21
Q

What is an emergency notification service?

A

Typically included in a business continuity plan. It’s an infrastructure built for notifying people in the event of an emergency.

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22
Q

What do technology recovery strategies focus on?

A

Specifically prioritizing the order for restoring hardware, software, and data across the organization that best meets business recovery requirements.

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23
Q

What are the key areas of technology recovery strategies?

A

Hardware, software, networking, data center.

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24
Q

What are the (7) abilities of an agile infrastructure?

A

Accessibility, availability, maintainability, portability, reliability, scalability, usability

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25
Q

What is the Web Accessibility Initiative?

A

Brings together people from industry, disability organizations, government, and research labs from around the world to develop guidelines and resources to make the web accessible to people with disabilities.

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26
Q

What does availability refer to?

A

Time frames when a system is operational and available.

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27
Q

What is “five 9s”?

A

Difficult to achieve standard of availability for a system where the system has 99.999 percent availability.

28
Q

How do failover systems assist in availability?

A

If system maintenance must be done, failover systems can be deployed so companies can take the primary system down for maintenance and activate the secondary system to ensure continuous operations.

29
Q

What is another term for maintainability and what does it refer to?

A

Flexibility. How quickly a system can transform to support environmental changes. Measures how quickly a system can be changed or repaired after a failure.

30
Q

What does portability refer to?

A

The ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms.

31
Q

What are the two components of scalability?

A

Scalability is how well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth. Performance and capacity.

32
Q

What is capacity planning?

A

Determines future environmental infrastructure requirements to ensure high-quality system performance.

33
Q

What is serviceability?

A

How quickly a 3rd party can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and contract terms.

34
Q

What is Moore’s law?

A

Gordon Moore predicted in 1965 that continued advances in technological innovation would make it possible to reduce the size of a computer chip while doubling its capacity every 2 years. This law now refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubling every 18 months.

35
Q

What is sustainable MIS?

A

Production, management, use, and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment.

36
Q

What is clean computing?

A

A subset of sustainable MIS, refers to the environmentally responsible use, manufacture, and disposal of technology products.

37
Q

What is a green PC?

A

Built using environment-friendly materials and designed to save energy.

38
Q

What are the 3 pressures driving sustainable MIS infrastructures?

A

Carbon emissions, energy consumption, ewaste

39
Q

What is ewaste?

A

Discarded, obsolete, or broken electronic devices.

40
Q

What is an upcycle?

A

Reuses or refurbishes ewaste and creates a new product.

41
Q

What are the components of a sustainable MIS infrastructure?

A

Grid computing, virtualization, cloud computing

42
Q

What is grid computing?

A

Collection of computers, often geographically dispersed, that are coordinated to solve a problem. Problems are distributed to several machines, allowing faster processing than could occur with a single system.

43
Q

What is a smart grid?

A

Delivers electricity using two-way digital technology. Smart grids allow users to choose off-peak times for noncritical or less urgent applications or processes.

44
Q

What are virtualized systems?

A

Create a virtual version of computing resources such as an operating system, server, storage device, or network resources.

45
Q

What is virtualization?

A

Creates multiple virtual machines on a single computing device (consider a printer, scanner, fax machine all in one device or Mac’s running PC operating systems)

46
Q

What is a data center?

A

A facility used to house MISs and associated components such as telecommunications and storage systems.

47
Q

What are 3 ways for data centers to become sustainable?

A
  1. Carbon emissions - reduce energy consumption
  2. Floor space - store greater amounts of info in less space
  3. Geographic location - resources are inexpensive, clean, and available
48
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

Stores, manages, and processes data and applications over the Internet rather than on a personal computer or server.

49
Q

What is multi-tenancy in the cloud?

A

A single instance of a system serves multiple customers. In the cloud, each customer is called a tenant and multiple tenants can access the same system.

50
Q

How is single-tenancy different than multi-tenancy?

A

With single-tenancy, each customer or tenant must purchase and maintain an individual system. With this cloud approach, the service provider would have to update its system in every company where the software was running.

51
Q

What is a “noisy neighbour”?

A

Multi-tenancy co-tenant that monopolizes bandwidth, servers, CPUs and other resources that cause network performance issues in a cloud.

52
Q

What is cloud fabric?

A

The software that makes possible the benefits of cloud computing, such as multi-tenancy.

53
Q

What is a cloud fabric controller?

A

An individual who monitors and provisions cloud resources, similar to a server administrator at an individual copany.

54
Q

What are the 4 cloud computing environments?

A
  1. Private cloud
  2. Public cloud
  3. Hybrid cloud
  4. Community cloud
55
Q

What is a community cloud?

A

Emerging in industries such as financial services and pharmaceutical companies. They are private but spread over a variety of groups within one organization.

56
Q

Who uses a private cloud?

A

Only one customer or organization and can be located on or off their premises. Far more expensive and are often used by governments.

57
Q

What is the Cloud Security Alliance?

A

A nonprofit that promotes research into best practices for securing cloud computing and cloud delivery models.

58
Q

What is a hybrid cloud?

A

Includes 2 or more private, public, or community clouds with each remaining separate, only linked by technology that enables data and application portability.

59
Q

What is cloud bursting?

A

When a company uses its own computing infrastructure for normal usage and accesses the cloud when needed for peak load requirements.

60
Q

What is utility computing?

A

Offers a pay-per-use revenue model similar to a metered service such as gas or electricity.

61
Q

What is infrastructure as a service (IaaS)?

A

Delivers hardware networking capabilities, including the use of servers, networking, and storage, over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model.

62
Q

What is dynamic scaling?

A

Means that MIS infrastructure can be automatically scaled up or down based on needed requirements.

63
Q

What is Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS)?

A

Offers backup services that use cloud resources to protect applications and data from disruption caused by disaster.

64
Q

What is Software as a Service (SaaS)?

A

Delivers applications over the cloud using a pay-per-use revenue model.

65
Q

What is one of the most popular SaaS providers?

A

Salesforce

66
Q

What is Platform as a Service (SaaS)?

A

Supports the deployment of entire systems, including hardware, networking, and applications, using a pay-per-use revenue model.

67
Q

What is Big Data as a Service (BDaaS)?

A

Offers cloud-based big data service to help organizations analyze massive amounts of data to solve business dilemmas.

Management Information Systems (8 decks)

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