Chapter 9 Structure of DNA/RNA Flashcards
DNA must meet four criteria:
1) Information
2) Transmission
3) Replication
4) Variation
Griffith Experiment
Mice Experiment that proved transformation
Avery, Macleod and McCarth determined transformation material
Hershy and Chase
Proved DNA is genetic material using T2 virus experiment
Viruses
Contain RNA as genetic material
Made of proteins and nucleic acids
Nucleotides composed of:
Phosphate, sugar, and base
Purines
Adenine and Guanine
Contain double ring structure
Pyrimidines
Thymine (DNA), Cytosine, Uracil (RNA) contain sing ring structure
Phosphodiester Lingake
Linkage btw. DNA and RNA strand
Backbone
made of phosphate and pentose sugar
Directionality
based on sugar molecule orientation
Linus Pauling
Proposed that proteins can fold and form alpha helix
Roaslind Frankin
- Helical Structure
- too wide to be one strand
- about 10 base pairs long
Watson and Crick
put everyones info together so DNA is double stranded, helical, and A=T and G=C
Double Helix stabilized by
Base pairs
G-C has how many hydrogen bonds
3 (more stable)
A-T has how many hydrogen bonds
2
Grooves
Where atoms of base pairs come in contact with water
RNA Structure
- One strand
- Forms bulge, internal, mulitbranched, stem loops
- Contains ribose and Uricil
- Can form double strand from own material
What is base stacking?
The angle of how the bases are connected
Why is triplex DNA important
It inhibits particular genes
What leads to 3D structure of DNA
DNA double helix wound around histone proteins. Further compacted to form highly condensed metaphase chromosomes
