Chapter 9 Structure of DNA/RNA

Question 1

DNA must meet four criteria:

Answer 1

1) Information
2) Transmission
3) Replication
4) Variation

Question 2

Griffith Experiment

Answer 2

Mice Experiment that proved transformation

Avery, Macleod and McCarth determined transformation material

Question 3

Hershy and Chase

Answer 3

Proved DNA is genetic material using T2 virus experiment

Question 4

Viruses

Answer 4

Contain RNA as genetic material

Made of proteins and nucleic acids

Question 5

Nucleotides composed of:

Answer 5

Phosphate, sugar, and base

Question 6

Purines

Answer 6

Adenine and Guanine

Contain double ring structure

Question 7

Pyrimidines

Answer 7

Thymine (DNA), Cytosine, Uracil (RNA) contain sing ring structure

Question 8

Phosphodiester Lingake

Answer 8

Linkage btw. DNA and RNA strand

Question 9

Backbone

Answer 9

made of phosphate and pentose sugar

Question 10

Directionality

Answer 10

based on sugar molecule orientation

Question 11

Linus Pauling

Answer 11

Proposed that proteins can fold and form alpha helix

Question 12

Roaslind Frankin

Answer 12

• Helical Structure
• too wide to be one strand
• about 10 base pairs long

Question 13

Watson and Crick

Answer 13

put everyones info together so DNA is double stranded, helical, and A=T and G=C

Question 14

Double Helix stabilized by

Answer 14

Base pairs

Question 15

G-C has how many hydrogen bonds

Answer 15

3 (more stable)

Question 16

A-T has how many hydrogen bonds

Answer 16

2

Question 17

Grooves

Answer 17

Where atoms of base pairs come in contact with water

Question 18

RNA Structure

Answer 18

• One strand
• Forms bulge, internal, mulitbranched, stem loops
• Contains ribose and Uricil
• Can form double strand from own material

Question 19

What is base stacking?

Answer 19

The angle of how the bases are connected

Question 20

Why is triplex DNA important

Answer 20

It inhibits particular genes

Question 21

What leads to 3D structure of DNA

Answer 21

DNA double helix wound around histone proteins. Further compacted to form highly condensed metaphase chromosomes