chapter 9 - sex & gender Flashcards
Know your facts regarding what constitutes sexual harassment. (definition)
This is unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in the workplace.
Quid pro quo harassment: Submission to, or rejection of, sexual demands is used as a basis for employment decisions.
Hostile environment harassment: Unwelcome sexual conduct interferes with job performance.
Estimates suggest 25% to 75% of women and 15% of men will be harassed in their working lives.
What is gender role socialization?
Gender Role Socialization
Unequal Gender-Based Treatment
Gender role socialization: Process by which social institutions form and shape expectations of acceptable behaviors for men and women
Neutralizes the effectiveness of equal pay and antidiscrimination laws
Influences personal choices and managerial decision making
Review Ann Hopkins v. Price-Waterhouse case.
Context: Girls and boys who deviate from their appropriate gender roles are often penalized by relatives, friends, teachers, employers, and others in society. The case of Ann Hopkins v. Price Waterhouse, described in Feature 9.1, is one such instance in which a woman was penalized for not acting enough like a woman, but generally a male who is exhibiting female-type behaviors is often perceived more negatively than a female who exhibits male-type behaviors. Females are discouraged from exhibiting aggression and are encouraged to cooperate and to consider the feelings of others in decision making. While girls are encouraged to act “like a lady,” crying, throwing, or running “like a girl” is used derisively in common conversation and communicates that these behaviors are undesirable for both boys and girls.
Case: Eighteen years after the passage of Title VII of the CRA prohibiting sex discrimination, Ann Hopkins was nominated for partner at Price Waterhouse (PW) accounting and consulting firm. Of the 88 candidates being considered, Ann was the only woman, and only 7 of the approximately 2,600 PW partners worldwide were women. Based on her performance, Ann should have been promoted. homas Beyer, a partner who had supported her candidacy and considered himself her friend, gave Hopkins some ideas to increase her chances of obtaining partnership in the future. Beyer said she should “soften her image,” curse less, avoid drinking beer at lunch, wear makeup and jewelry, style her hair, and carry a purse instead of a briefcase. In other words, Hopkins was told to act more like a woman. When it became clear that she would not be nominated for partner the following year, Hopkins left PW, started a management consulting firm, and sued PW for sex discrimination. After many years of judgments and appeals, Hopkins won back pay and a partnership at PW
What is gendered job steering?
Gendered job steering: Directing applicants to occupations deemed appropriate for their sex
Know some of the common themes or results when men fill a position that is typically female dominated.
Glass escalator - men’s rapid ascent into management and higher-level positions after entering female dominated occupations
Sticky floors - phenomenon whereby relatively few women or minorities advance past the first or second level of management
Know facts discussed in the text regarding gender and poverty. (outcomes)
Gender-Related Issues
Factors affecting feminization of poverty
Women’s lower rates of workforce participation
Women’s higher employment in part-time jobs
Male-female wage gap
Women’s longer life expectancies
Gender role socialization affecting job choices
Women and negotiation of pay
When women negotiate, they face more resistance and are less likely to succeed.
What is the glass ceiling?
invisible barrier preventing minorities from progressing beyond a certain level in organizations
affects women, people of color, and people with disabilities
What is the glass wall?
invisible barriers that constrain non-dominant group members to certain occupations and positions within organizations
prevents the obtainment of experience and exposure required for advancement
Be able to navigate the differences between Quid pro quo harassment, sexual harassment, and retaliation.
Sexual harassment: This is unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in the workplace.
Quid pro quo harassment: Submission to, or rejection of, sexual demands is used as a basis for employment decisions.
Retaliation: punishment for not receiving sexual favor
