chapter 12 - religion Flashcards
What is the predominant religion in the United States? What percentage?
Protestant beliefs predominate basic U.S. civil and social structures
Subgroups: Baptists, Methodists, Lutherans, and Presbyterians
Minority religious groups
Roman Catholic, Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, and Muslims
Protestants, as well as non-dominant religions, practiced religious discrimination
Majority of U.S population identify as Christians
What does the text say is historically true about Jewish people?
Women are less likely than men to describe themselves as unaffiliated (23% vs. 30%). Among Americans who are Jewish, “Jewish identity” reflects religious, ethnic, and cultural elements, and not everyone who is Jewish identifies with all three. As discussed in Chapter 7, at one point Jews in the United States were viewed as a separate “race.” Overt actions taken by the government, such as providing veterans’ educational and housing benefits to Jews, helped them to be regarded as Whites, although at times they still experience both covert and overt virulent discrimination and harassment in organizations and society.
What are reasonable accommodations?
Reasonable accommodation - can be argued that company can accommodate to people with disabilities to an extent
Which of the following is true of religion and work?
Legislation to protect religious diversity
Title VII—Prohibits employers of 15 or more employees from employment discrimination based on religion.
EEOC guidelines on religious exercise and religious expression
Focus on treating employees with the same respect and consideration, regardless of their religion
What does the text say about religion and sexual orientation diversity?
Religion and sexual orientation
Religious fundamentalism is strongly related to negative attitudes aimed at sexual minorities.
Prejudice plays a role in shaping such attitudes.
Conflicts between religion and sexual orientation cases
Richard Peterson and Hewlett-Packard
Albert Buonanno and AT&T
What does the text say are some important aspects of women clergy, when compared to men?
Women clergy are not permitted in Catholic and Baptist churches.
Women clergy are permitted in Episcopal, Presbyterian, and Methodist churches.
Stained glass ceiling: Confinement of the female clergy to smaller positions, less prestigious congregations, and lower earnings
Women clergy are likely to be involved with political and social issues.
Religiosity in a society undergirds gendered expectations in society. This contributes to the wage gap that affects women in general.
Review general facts about religious and racial discrimination.
Profiling: Using someone’s real or perceived demographic characteristic to single her or him out for scrutiny
Intensified since the 2001 terrorist attacks
Flying while brown—Instances where law-abiding Middle Easterners were repeatedly questioned or removed from planes
Expensive and counterproductive for businesses
Arab Americans and Muslims in the US
3.7 million Americans have some Arab heritage
82% of Muslims in the United States are U.S. citizens, 42% are native born
Muslim population is very diverse
31% of Muslims have a college degree, yet they are more likely to be underemployed and unemployed than other Americans
What are some facts specific to religion and work? (multiple questions)
Legislation to protect religious diversity
Title VII—Prohibits employers of 15 or more employees from employment discrimination based on religion.
EEOC guidelines on religious exercise and religious expression
Focus on treating employees with the same respect and consideration, regardless of their religion
In which type of scenario is it permissible to restrict employees regarding clothing when it comes to religion in the workplace?
Religion as an invisible identity:
> In the absence of identifiable attire, religion is invisible.
> The invisibility of the professor’s religion provided the opportunity to remain closeted, yet doing so came with negative consequences.
> Because such a large proportion of the U.S. population has some religious beliefs, those who do not can be stigmatized as deviant from the norm.
Organizational recommendations:
> Implement procedures to ensure equitable treatment.
> Allow employees the ability to observe religious practices, if these practices do not cause undue hardship.
> Provide holidays that employees may use to decide which days they will be away from work.
> Scrutinize appearance requirements.
> Ensure employee awareness of appropriate accommodation for organizational policies that may conflict with religious beliefs.
> Terminate personnel who resist legitimate and carefully constructed policies.
> Organizations must address ways their policies affect people’s actions toward others, as well as individuals’ ways of religious expression
