Chapter 9 [Salosagcol] Flashcards
This involves the application of the procedures to less than 100% of the items within an account balance or class of transactions. This enables the auditor to obtain and evaluate audit evidence about some characteristics of the selected items in order to form an opinion about the characteristics of all the items supporting an account balance or transaction class.
a. Audit techniques
b. Audit sampling
c. Selective testing
d. Specific identification
b
When designing audit procedures, the auditor should determine the appropriate means of selecting items for testing. The means available to the auditor would include:
a. 100% examination, Audit sampling, Selecting specific items
b. Audit sampling
c. Audit sampling, Selecting specific items
d. Selecting specific items
a
Which of the following constitutes audit sampling?
a. Selecting and examining specific items to determine whether or not a particular procedure is being performed.
b. Examining items to obtain information about matters such as the client’s business, the nature of transactions, accounting and internal control systems.
c. Examining items whose values exceed a certain amount so as to verify a large proportion of the total amount of an account balance or class of transactions.
d. Applying audit procedures to less than 100% of items within an account balance or class of transactions such that all sampling units have a chance of selection.
d
The auditor’s principal objective when using a sample of tests of details of balances is whether the
a) account balance being audited is fairly stated.
b) transactions being audited are free of misstatements.
c) controls being tested are operating effectively.
d) transactions and account balances being audited are fairly stated.
a
Audit sampling for substantive tests is appropriate when
a. Analytical procedures are used
b. The auditor wants to eliminate sampling risks
c. A population contains small number of large value items
d. Tests of details are performed
d
For which fo the following audit procedures is audit sampling inappropriate?
a. Review sales transactions for large and unusual amounts
b. Examine a sample of duplicate sales invoices for credit approval.
c. Compare the quantity on duplicate sales invoices with the quantity on related shipping documents.
d. Audit sampling is appropriate for each of the above procedures.
a
Audit sampling for test of control is generally appropriate when
a. Control leaves evidence of performance
b. Control leaves no evidence of performance
c. 100% of the transactions is tested
d. Examining specific high value items in the population
a
The possibility that the auditor’s conclusion based on a sample may be different from the conclusion reached if the entire population were subjected to the same procedure is called
a. Audit risk
b. Non-sampling risk
c. Sampling risk
d. Detection risk
c
Which of the following best illustrates the concept of sampling risk?
a. A randomly chosen sample may not be representative of the population as a whole on the characteristics of interest.
b. An auditor may select audit procedures that are not appropriate to achieve the specific objective.
c. An auditor may fail to recognize errors in the documents examined for the chosen sample.
d. The documents related to the chosen sample may not be available for inspection.
a
One of the ways to reduce sampling risk is to
a. Increase the sample size
b. Carefully design the audit procedures to be used
c. Provide proper supervision and instruction of the audit team
d. Use variables sampling rather than attribute sampling
a
Non-sampling errors can occur when audit tests do not uncover existing exceptions in the
a. Population
b. Planning stage
c. Sample
d. Financial statement
c
One of the causes of non-sampling error is
a. Failure to draw a random sample
b. Failure to draw a representative sample
c. The use of inappropriate or ineffective audit procedures
d. The use of attributes sampling instead of variables sampling
c
One of the ways to control non-sampling risk is through
a. Proper supervision and instruction of the client’s employees
b. Proper supervision and instruction of the audit team
c. The use of attributes sampling rather than variables sampling
d. Control which ensure that the sample drawn is random and representative
b
Which of the following is the risk that audit tests will not uncover existing exceptions in a sample?
a. Sampling risk
b. Nonsampling risk
c. Audit risk
d. Detection risk
b
One cause of nonsampling risk is
a. Ineffective use of audit procedures
b. Testing less than the entire population
c. Use of extensive tests of controls
d. Any of the above
a
Sampling risk may be controlled by
a. Increasing the sample size
b. Adequate supervision of audit personnel
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
c
Which of the following statements is most correct?
a. A sample of all items of a population will eliminate sampling risk but increase nonsampling risk
b. The use of an appropriate sample selection technique ensures a representative sample
c. The auditor’s failure to recognize an exception is a significant cause of sampling risk
d. The use of inappropriate audit procedures is a significant cause of nonsampling risk.
d
One of the ways to reduce sampling risk is to
a. Carefully design the audit procedures to be used
b. Use variables sampling rather than attributes sampling
c. Provide proper supervision and instruction of the audit team
d. Use an appropriate method of selecting sample items from the population
d
In assessing sample risk, alpha risks relate to the
a. Efficiency of the audit
b. Selection of the sample
c. Effectiveness of the audit
d. Audit quality controls
a
In performing substantive tests, the auditor is concerned with two risks or errors of sampling, the alpha error and the beta error.
a. The alpha error is of greater concern to the auditor than the beta error.
b. The beta error is of greater concern to the auditor than the alpha error
c. The beta error and the alpha error are of equal importance to the auditor
d. Neither the alpha error nor the beta error need be considered by the auditor
b
To determine if a sample is truly representative of the population, an auditor would be required to
a. Conduct multiple samples of the same population
b. Never use sampling because of the expense involved
c. Audit the entire population
d. Use systematic sample selection
c
While performing a substantive test of details during an audit, the auditor determined that the sample results supported the conclusion that the recorded account balance was materially misstated. Which of the following is the least likely auditor reaction to this discovery?
a. Perform expanded audit tests in the relevant areas.
b. Increase detection risk in the relevant areas
c. Increase the sample size for test of control
d. Take no action until tests of other audit areas are completed
a
In assessing sample risk, beta risks relate to the
a. Efficiency of the audit
b. Selection of the sample
c. Effectiveness of the audit
d. Audit quality controls
c
The acceptable risk of assessing control risk too low will normally be assessed at a ____ level when auditing a public company.
a. Higher
b. Compensating
c. Lower
d. Nominal
c
What is the proper order of steps for the following activities?
1. Analyze exceptions
2. Select the sample
3. Design audit procedure
4. State the objectives of the audit test
5. Determine the appropriate sample size
a. 1,3,2,4,5
b. 4,3,1,2,5
c. 4,3,5,2,1
d. 1,2,3,4,5
c
PSA 530 identifies two general approaches to audit sampling. They are
a. Random & nonrandom
b. Statistical & nonstatistical
c. Precision & reliability
d. Risk and nonrisk
b
Which of the following sampling plans would be designed to estimate a numerical measurement of a population such as peso value?
a. Numerical sampling
b. Sampling of attributers
c. Discovery sampling
d. Sampling for variables
d
Which of the following statements best expresses the impact that the performance of audit procedures has on statistical and nonstatistical sampling?
a. Audit procedures on the sample item will vary as a result of using either statistical or nonstatistical sampling
b. The audit procedures will be the same for either statistical or nonstatistical sampling but they must be performed differently for each
c. Statistical sampling requires quantitative audit procedures, whereas nonstatistical sampling requires judgmental audit procedures
d. Audit procedures on the sample item will not vary as a result of using either statistical or nonstatistical sampling
d
Which of the following statements is true?
a. The audit procedures will vary as a result of using either statistical or nonstatistical sampling
b. The audit procedures will be the same for either statistical or nonstatistical sampling, but they must be performed differently for each.
c. Statistical sampling requires quantitative audit procedures, whereas nonstatistical sampling requires judgmental audit procedures
d. The same audit procedures are performed in the same manner for either statistical or nonstatistical sampling.
d
A statistical method used to estimate the proportion of items in a population containing a characteristics of interest is
a. Attributes sampling
b. Variables sampling
c. Estimation sampling
d. Population - proportional-to-size sampling
a
Which of the following statement is correct with respect to the quantification of sampling risk?
a. Sampling risk cannot be quantified
b. Sampling risk can only be quantified when nonstatistical sample selection techniques are used to select the sample
c. Sampling risk can be quantified only when statistical sampling techniques are used to select the sample.
d. none of the above
c
Which of the following sampling methods would be most appropriate in performing tests of controls over authorization of cash disbursements
a. Attributes
b. Variables
c. Ratio
d. Stratified
a
There are many kinds of statistical estimates that an auditor may find useful, but basically every accounting estimate is either of a quantity or of an error rate. The statistical terms that roughly correspond to “quantities” and “error rate,” respectively, are:
a. Attributes and variables
b. Variables and attributes
c. Constants and attributes
d. Constants and variables
b
Which of the following is not true for nonstatistical sampling?
a. Applies mathematical rules that allows auditors to quantify sampling risk.
b. May use statistical selection techniques.
c. Reaches conclusion about the population on a judgmental sample.
d. Does not allow measurement of sample reliability.
a
When the auditor intends to evaluate a sample statistically, the only acceptable selection method is
a. Statistical selection
b. Judgmental selection
c. Haphazard selection
d. Block sample selection
a
Which of the following is not a type of statistical method that provides results in peso terms?
a. Variables sampling
b. Attributes sampling
c. Monetary-unit sampling
d. Sampling with probability proportional to size
b
Oscar CPA believes that the rate of client billing errors is 4% and has established a tolerable deviation rate of 6%. In auditing client invoices, Oscar should use
a. Stratified sampling
b. Classical sampling
c. Proportional sampling
d. Attributes sampling
d
A principal advantage of statistical methods of attributes sampling over nonstatistical methods is that they provide a scientific basis for planning the
a. Risk assessing control risk to low
b. Tolerable exception rate
c. Expected population exception rate
d. Sample size
d
Attributes sampling would be an appropriate method to use on which one of the following procedures in an audit program?
a. Review sales transactions for large and unreasonable amounts.
b. Observe whether the duties of the accounts receivable clerk are separate from handling cash.
c. Examine a sample of duplicate sales invoices for credit approval by the credit manager.
d. Review the aged schedule of accounts receivable to determine if receivables from officers are included.
c
Attributes sampling would be an appropriate method to use on which one of the following procedures in an audit program?
a. Review sales transactions for large and unreasonable amounts.
b. Observe whether the duties of the accounts receivable clerk are separate from handling cash.
c. Examine a sample of duplicate sales invoices for credit approval by the credit manager.
d. Review the aged schedule of accounts receivable to determine if receivables from officers are included.
c
Auditors are concerned with which type of exceptions in populations of accounting data when performing test of control?
a. Deviations from client established controls
b. Monetary misstatements in transaction data
c. Monetary misstatements in account balance details
d. Auditors are concerned with all of these exceptions
a
An advantage of using statistical sampling is that such techniques
a. Mathematically measure risk
b. Eliminate the need for judgmental decision
c. Define the value of reliability necessary to provide audit assurance
d. Have been established in the courts to be superior to nonstatistical sampling
a
Sampling used for tests of details of balances provides results in terms of:
a. Deviation rates
b. Percentages
c. Pesos
d. Expectation rates
c
If an auditor, planning to use statistical sampling, is concerned with the number of a client’s sales invoices that contain mathematical errors, the auditor would most likely utilize which sampling technique?
a. Random sampling with replacement
b. Sampling for attributes
c. Sampling for variables
d. Stratified random sampling
b
In a sampling application, the group of items about which the auditor wants to estimate some characteristic is called the
a. Population
b. Sample
c. Attribute of interest
d. Sampling unit
a
Which of the following statements is most correct about the quantification sampling risk?
a. Sampling risk cannot be quantified
b. Sampling risk can be quantified only when non-statistical selection techniques are used to select the sample
c. Sampling risk can be quantified only when statistical selection techniques are used to select the sample
d. None of the above
c
The sample deviation rate equals
a. The number of deviations in the population divided by the sample size
b. The number of items in the population multiplied by the number of deviations in the sample
c. The number of deviations in the sample divided by the sample size
d. The number of deviations in the population divided by the population size
c
The deviation rate the auditor will permit in the population and still be willing to reduce the assessed level of control risk is called the
a. Tolerable deviation rate
b. Estimated population deviation rate
c. Acceptable sampling risk
d. Sample deviation rate
a