Chapter 9- Rocks Flashcards
Minerals
Substances which make up rocks.
Lithosphere
The outer layer of the earth also known as the crust.
Magma
The hot mixture of molten rock and gasses beneath the earths surface.
Sediments
Materials broken down by wind, rain, heat etc.
Native Minerals
Elements which aren’t joined, that are found in the earths crust.
Lustre
The measure of how light reflects off a mineral.
Crystals
Substances which can be 1 of 7 different shapes and different sizes formed in rocks from the cooling of lava.
Streak
The colour of a mineral in the form of a powder. Found by rubbing the mineral onto a white tile.
Hardened
The measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material.
Igneous Rocks
Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma.
Extrusive Rocks
Igneous rock which forms when lava cools above the surface
Pumice
A pale rock which forms when when being shot out of a volcano.
Scoria
A dark igneous rock formed from gassy lava, which cools quickly.
Abrasive
A property of a material which scratches another.
Basalt
An igneous rock which has small crystals in it which are formed by fast cooling of lava.
Obsidian
A smooth,black rock which is formed when lava cools almost instantly.
Intrusive
Rocks which form after magma slowly cools underground
Batholiths
Large portions of intrusive rock which can spread up to distances of more than 1000km
Granite
A common intrusive rock with crystals which form over a long period of time.
Sedimentary Rocks
Rocks formed from the particles of sediments
Metamorphic Rocks
Rocks formed by another rock under great heat or pressure.
Erosion
The removal of rock and soil by natural elements such as wind,rain etc.
flat plains
open land next to a river where sediments are deposited during floods.
Glaciers
Large bodies of ice
Moraines
A deposit of rock,gravel and smaller particles left by movement of a glacier.
Sandstone
A rock formed from grains of sand which have been cemented over a period of time.
Mudstone
A fine-grained sedimentary rock without layering
Shale
A fine-grained rock formed in layers by clay making it stronger.
Conglomerate
Sedimentary rocks containing various particle sizes cemented together.
Limestone
A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms
Coal
A mineral formed from the remains of dead plants and animals
Rock salt
A sedimentary deposits formed when a salt lake or a sea bed has dried up.
Metamorphism
The process which changes rocks by high pressure or temperatures.
Slate
A fine grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of heat and pressure on shale.
Gneiss
A metamorphic rock formed as a result of high pressure on granite.
Mineral Ores
Minerals containing metals of value
Mining
The extraction of natural resources from the earth
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
The study of the effects of a planned project on the environment.
Rehabilitated
When something has been restored to its original condition
Overburden
The waste rock beneath topsoil
Open-cut mining
A method of mining to dig out minerals and rocks from the surface
Underground Mining
A method of mining using shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface.
Stone Age
A period beginning 200 million years ago where people using rock to create weapons/ tools
Alloy
A mixture of a metal with another metal or a non metal
Flint
A fine grained sedimentary rock
Percussion Flaking
A process using bigger rocks to break rocks to make create flakes which can be used for smaller tools
Clastic
Little rocks which are cemented together
