Chapter 9: Review of previous material

Question 1

Action potential

Answer 1

A nerve impulse involving sodium rushing into the ICF of a neuron followed by potassium rushing out of a neuron into the ECF.

Question 2

Astrocytes

Answer 2

Form the blood brain barrier by attaching neurons to blood vessels. Form pillars to support the neurons. Form scar tissue when damage occurs.

Question 3

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 3

Nervous system branch that controls involuntary muscles called cardiac and smooth muscles.

Question 4

Blood Brain barrier

Answer 4

A barrier to screen what substances can enter the brain’s tissue fluids. One of the Astrocyte’s functions.

Question 5

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 5

Clear, watery fluid found in the meninges and ventricles of the brain and spinal cord. Rich in glucose and proteins.

Question 6

Decussation

Answer 6

Many interneurons cross from the right side of the CNS to the left side and vice versa.

Question 7

Depolarization

Answer 7

Sodium rushing into the neuron’s cytoplasm (ICF) through gated channels in the neuron’s plasma membrane.

Question 8

Dorsal Cavity

Answer 8

The cavity that contains the spinal and cranial cavity.

Question 9

Ependymal Cells

Answer 9

Neuroglial cells that line the brain’s ventricles and produce CSF.

Question 10

Foramen magnum

Answer 10

The “hole” in the occipital bone in which the spinal cord travels through.

Question 11

Grey Matter

Answer 11

Made of dendrites, cell bodies and their synapses.

Question 12

Interneurons

Answer 12

Nerve cells that are found only in the CNS. They are important in carrying messages from sensory neurons to the processing centers, connecting processing centers to allow the brain to integrate (put together) all information, and carrying decisions by connecting processing centers to motor neurons.

Question 13

Microglial cells

Answer 13

Small neuroglial cells that wander (move) through the CNS tissue. Capable of phagocytosis.

Question 14

Motor (efferent) neuron

Answer 14

Neurons in the PNS that carry messages away from the CNS (brain and spinal cord).

Question 15

Neuroglial cells (glia)

Answer 15

Non-excitable cells that support and protect the neurons. Mitotic thus are the most frequent cause of brain tumors.

Question 16

Neurons

Answer 16

Excitable cells. Nonmitotic due to lack of centrioles.

Question 17

Oligodendrocyte

Answer 17

Produces the myelin sheath on CNS interneurons.

Question 18

Reflex

Answer 18

A protective reaction by the nervous system to help maintain homeostasis.

Question 19

Repolarization

Answer 19

Potassium rushing out of the neuron into the ECF through gated channels located in the neuron’s plasma membrane.

Question 20

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Answer 20

Neurons in the PNS that carry messages towards the CNS (brain and spinal cord).

Question 21

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 21

Nervous system branch that controls voluntary muscles called skeletal muscles.

Question 22

Spinal cord

Answer 22

Part of the CNS. Can serve as a reflex center and/or connection from the PNS to the brain processing centers.

Question 23

Three letter acronym “CSF” stands for _______.

Answer 23

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 24

Tracts

Answer 24

Groups of nerve axons (fibers) that travel in the white matter of the CNS.

Question 25

White Matter

Answer 25

Made of myelinated fibers, found in the CNS.

Question 26

Periosteum

Answer 26

The connective tissue that surrounds bone.