Chapter 9: 9.1 - Overview of the Brain Flashcards
Sulcus
Shallow grooves that form “valleys” on the brain’s surfaces.
Gyrus
Gyri (plural) are thick folds that form “hills” on the brain’s surfaces. Also called convolutions.
Fissure
Deep groove (deep sulcus)
Cerebrum
The largest part of the brain. Contains 5 lobes, but we only learn 4.
Cerebellum
Often called the “little cerebrum”. Helps to coordinate the skeletal muscle movements by monitoring equilibrium and balance. Has other jobs also.
What part of the brain is found in the inferior and posterior part of the skull (head)?
The cerebellum. Locate the cerebellum and you know you are viewing the posterior of the brain.
Name the most anterior portion of the brain.
The cerebrum.
Nuclei of the brain
Areas of gray matter found in the inner portion of the brain. Function in integration (processing information and making decisions).
Blood brain barrier
Prevents many substances from flowing into the brain. Allows glucose and oxygen, and a few drugs such as alcohol and nicotine. Prevents many therapeutic drugs.
Corpus callosum
A tract of nerve fibers connecting the left hemisphere with the right hemisphere.
Meninges
Special membranes found in the dorsal cavity that surround the brain and spinal cord.
Brain ventricle
Ventricle refers to hollow chamber. There are 4 hollow spaces in the brains that contain CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).
Longitudinal fissure separates the___________.
The left cerebral hemisphere and the right cerebral hemisphere.
The cerebral cortex in the brain is found on _______________ portion of the cerebrum.
The outer portion.
Areas (masses) of grey matter found in the deeper portion of the cerebrum are called_____________.
Cerebral nuclei
Areas (masses) of grey matter found in the deeper portion of the cerebrum are called_____________.
Cerebral nuclei
Cerebral nuclei are __________________ centers.
Processing (integration)
The inner portion of the brain contains ______________ and ____________.
White matter and gray matter (called nuclei).
What part of the brain is known as the “little cerebrum”?
Cerebellum
Arrange the following in order from superior to inferior. Medulla oblongata, Midbrain, Pons
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata
A stroke is more likely to be fatal if it occurs in the ________________ part of the brain.
Injuries and strokes occurring in the brainstem are most likely to be fatal due to the major vital centers located here. Respiratory, cardiac and blood pressure.
Where does the brainstem connect to the spinal cord?
At the foramen magnum of the skull.
What separates the arachnoid mater from the pia mater?
The subarachnoid space which contains the CSF.
The pia mater holds tight (hugs) to the:
Brain and spinal cord.
The dura mater holds tight to the:
Periosteum of the skull bone and the vertebral foramen.
Chemotherapy for brain tumors is difficult because of the _____________________.
Blood brain barrier
What fluid lies between the subarachnoid mater and pia mater?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What clear fluid is found in the ventricles of the brain?
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid is made by what neuroglial cell?
Ependymal cell
What is the purpose of CSF in the brain?
- Bring nutrients such as glucose and proteins
- Remove wastes created by neurons and neuroglial cells
- Cushion the brain and protect it from minor jolts or blows to the head
What gives white matter its color?
Myelin sheaths that surround the axons of neurons.
What neuroglial cell lines the ventricles and filters blood plasma to make cerebrospinal fluid.
Ependymal cell
What is the function of the BBB (blood brain barrier)?
Regulates what substances can move from the bloodstream into the brain’s tissue fluids.
What neuroglial cell maintains the BBB (blood brain barrier)?
Astrocytes
What is the deepest groove in the brain?
The longitudinal fissure which divides the left hemisphere from the right hemisphere.
What sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe?
The lateral sulcus.
What sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe?
The central sulcus.
What sulcus separates the parietal lobe from the temporal lobe?
The lateral sulcus. The lateral sulcus separates the frontal lobe and temporal lobe also.
What sulcus separates the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe?
The parieto-occipital sulcus
Location: What part of the brain lies inferior to the cerebrum and at the inferior portion of the head.
The cerebellum
The gyrus located just anterior to the central sulcus is called the __________________.
Precentral gyrus.
What lobe of the brain will one find the precentral gyrus?
Frontal lobe
What lobe of the brain will one find the postcentral gyrus?
Parietal lobe
The gyrus located just posterior to the central sulcus is called the____________.
Postcentral gyrus
Inflammation of the coverings of the spinal cord and brain is called:
Meningitis
What is found in gray matter of the brain?
Cell bodies (soma), dendrites, synapses
What forms white matter?
Myelinated nerve fibers (axons) that form tracts connecting one region of the CNS to the another.
What is the site where all information processing, memory, thought and decisions are made in the brain?
In gray matter, thus in the brain – the cortex and nuclei.
