Chapter 9: 9.2 Principle Divisions of the Brain Flashcards
Ventricle
Chamber in the brain where CSF is found.
Diencephalon
Portion of the brain that lies between the cerebrum and brainstem.
Brainstem
Section of the brain that is inferior to the diencephalon and superior to the spinal cord.
Where does the brainstem connect to the spinal cord?
At the foramen magnum.
What three structures are in the brain stem?
Midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.
What three vital nuclei are found in the medulla oblongata?
- Cardiac Center – heart rate and strength
- Blood pressure
- Respiratory Center – breathing rate and depth
What is the “relay station” for nerve signals going to the cerebellum from the cerebrum?
Pons
Where is the substancia nigra that secretes dopamine and is associated with Parkinson’s?
Midbrain
Auditory and Vision reflexes are found in what brainstem structure?
Midbrain
What is the “relay station” for sensory neurons going to the appropriate area of the cerebrum.
Thalamus
Water balance, hunger and thirst, as well as the pituitary hormones are regulated by the _______________.
Hypothalamus
Balance and coordination of skeletal muscles is attributed to what part of the brain.
Cerebellum
Name the white matter that connects the left cerebrum with the right cerebrum.
Corpus callosum
The olfactory bulb is located on the underside of which cerebral lobe.
The olfactory bulb which receives nerve fibers from the nose for the sense of smell and relays these messages to more posterior processing centers.
What lobe of the cerebrum is involved with foresight, decision-making, judgment, and logic?
Frontal
What lobe of the cerebrum is involved with touch, pain, pressure, stretch and temperature?
Parietal
What lobe of the cerebrum is involved with vision?
Occipital
What lobe of the cerebrum is involved with hearing?
Temporal
What lobe of the cerebrum is involved with smell?
Temporal (Frontal is too, but we do not learn that in this class).
What lobe of the cerebrum is involved with the speech muscles?
The frontal lobe
What lobe of the cerebrum is involved with movement of skeletal muscles?
The frontal lobe
What lobe of the cerebrum is involved with movement of the voluntary muscles?
The frontal lobe
What brain structure coordinates activities on the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum?
Corpus callosum
The frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital are all lobes of the __________________.
cerebrum
Name the two prominent structures of the diencephalon.
- Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
Location: The diencephalon lies between the _______________ and _______________.
Inferior cerebrum; superior portion of the brainstem.
Location: What part of the brain lies between the diencephalon and the spinal cord?
brainstem
Name the three components of the brainstem.
- Midbrain (superior portion)
- Pons (middle portion)
- Medulla oblongata
Where would on find the nuclei that control the heart rate, breathing rate and depth as well as blood pressure?
In the medulla oblongata. These are often referred to the three vital centers.
What part of the brain has fibers that connect the cerebellum with the cerebrum?
The pons. “Pons” means “bridge”. The fibers of the cerebellum to the cerebrum need to travel over the ascending and descending tracts, thus there is a “bridge”.
What part of the brain is often called the “bridge”?
The pons. It has fibers that connect the cerebrum with cerebellum travel over the fibers traveling up and down the spinal cord to the cerebrum.
What part of the brain contains the visual reflex which will turn your head towards light?
The midbrain.
Which part of the brain contains the auditory reflex which will turn your head towards a loud or strange sound?
The midbrain.
What part of the brain serves as a relay station for sensory information?
The thalamus directs the incoming sensory information to the proper areas of the brain to interpret them. Sensory information is taste, hearing, vision, equilibrium (balance), vision, touch, pain, pressure, hot and cold.
What part of the brain helps the cerebrum with coordinating motor actions of skeletal muscles?
The cerebellum. The cerebellum has been found to have many more functions but in this class we just learn its ability to coordinate our skeletal muscle movement (balance and equilibrium).
Cerebral cortex
Gray matter that is found on the outside portion of the cerebrum. Follow the gyri, sulci and fissures.
White matter in the cerebrum is made up of:
Myelinated fibers (axons) of the neurons and neuroglial cells.
The prefrontal cortex is found in the :
Frontal lobe
What is found on the underside (inferior portion) of each frontal lobe?
The olfactory bulb, which receives nerve fibers from the nose for the senses of smell. The bulbs relay the signals of smell to their processing centers.
Sensory information is ultimately sent to the _________________ lobe for interpretation.
Parietal lobe.
