Chapter 9: Poverty, Development, and Hunger Flashcards
Washington Consensus/Neoliberal Economic Policies
The belief of key opinion formers in Washington that global welfare would be maximized by the universal application of neoliberal economic policies that favor a minimalist state and an enhanced role for the market.
Millenium Development Goals (MDGs)
Set time-limited, quantifiable targets across eight areas, including poverty and hunger, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease prevention, environmental change, and development
The mainstream approach to poverty, development, and hunger
Poverty: unfulfilled material needs
Development: Linear path; traditional to modern
Hunger: Not enough food for everyone
A critical alternative approach to poverty, development, hunger
Poverty: Unfulfilled material and nonmaterial needs Development: Diverse paths, locally driven
Hunger: There is enough food; the problem is distribution and entitlement
material aspects of poverty
lack of food, clean water, and sanitation
poverty
identified as the inability to provide for the material needs of oneself and one’s family by subsistence or cash transactions and by the absence of an environment conducive to human well-being, broadly conceived in spiritual and community terms.
realist perspective of poverty
national security and development economics are separate issues
realist/liberal perspective of poverty
neglect the challenges that global underdevelopment presents to human security
global south
3rd world country
orthodox view of development
In the orthodox view, development is a top-down process that relies on “expert knowledge,” usually Western and definitely external, and involves large capital investments in large projects, advanced technology, and expansion of the private sphere.
critical view of development
bottom up process
- need oriented
- coming from within a society
- self-reliant
- ecologically sound
- based on structural transformation
- democracy
who suffers most from poverty?
women and children
modernization theory
A theory that considers development synonymous with economic growth within the context of a free market international economy.
embedded liberalism
A liberal international economic order based on the pursuit of free trade but allowing an appropriate role for state intervention in the market in support of national security and national and global stability.
liberalization
Government policies that reduce the role of the state in the economy, such as the dismantling of trade tariffs and barriers, the deregulation and opening of the financial sector to foreign investors, and the privatization of state enterprises.
