Chapter 5: Global Governance Flashcards
international institutions
Complexes of norms, rules, and practices that prescribe behavioral roles, constrain activity, and shape expectations.
International organizations
Any institution with formal procedures and formal membership from three or more countries. The minimum number of countries is set at three, rather than two, because multilateral relationships have significantly greater complexity than bilateral relationships.
constitutional
Constitutional institutions consist of the primary rules and norms of international society without which society among sovereign states could not exist.
fundamental
Fundamental institutions rest on the foundation provided by constitutional institutions. They represent the basic norms and practices that sovereign states employ to facilitate coexistence and cooperation under conditions of international anarchy
regimes
A set of implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which actors’ expectations converge in a given area of international relations. Often simply defined as a governing arrangement in a regional or global policy area.
multilateral diplomacy
Cooperation among three or more states based on, or with a view to formulating, reciprocally binding rules of conduct.
global governance
The regulation and coordination of transnational issue areas by nation-states, international and regional organizations, and private agencies through the establishment of international regimes. These regimes may focus on problem solving or the simple enforcement of rules and regulations.
international law
The formal rules of conduct that states acknowledge or contract between themselves.
problems international law responds to (3)
1.Coordinating global linkages
2.Responding to common problems
3.Protecting core values
European Union (EU)
The union formally created following the signing of the Maastricht Treaty. The origins of the European Union can be traced back to 1951 and the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, followed in 1957 with a broader customs union (the Treaty of Rome, 1958). Originally a grouping of six countries , “Europe” grew by adding new members. Since the fall of the planned economies in Eastern Europe, European Union has grown and now includes twenty-eight member states.
- was created to prevent wars between European states
European Commission
Initiating, administering, and overseeing the implementation of EU policies and legislation
European Parliament
Acting as directly elected representatives of EU citizens, scrutinizing the operation of the other institutions, and, in certain areas, sharing the power to legislate
council of ministers
Representing the views of national governments and determining, in many areas jointly with the EP, the ultimate shape of EU legislation
european council
Holding regular summits of the heads of state or government and the president of the commission, setting the EU’s broad agenda, and acting as a forum of last resort to find agreement on divisive issues (Note: different from the Council of Europe)
european court of justice
Acting as the EU’s highest court (supported by a Court of First Instance)
european central bank
Setting interest rates and controlling the money supply of the single European currency, the euro
court of auditors
Auditing the revenues and the expenditure under the EU budget
african union
Created in 2002 and consisting of fifty-five member states, this union was formed as a successor to the Organization of African Unity. It maintains fourteen goals primarily centered on African unity and security, human rights, peace security and stability, economy, sustainable development, and equality.
organization of american states (OAS)
A regional international organization composed of thirty-five member states. It is the world’s oldest regional organization, founded in 1890 as the International Union of American Republics; in 1948 it changed its name to the OAS. Its goals are to create “an order of peace and justice, to promote their solidarity, to strengthen their collaboration, and to defend their sovereignty, their territorial integrity, and their independence.”
association of southeast asian nations (ASEAN)
Formed in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand as an organization focused on stopping the spread of communism, it is now an organization of ten Southeast Asian countries with over 650 million people and a very high regional gross domestic product. Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam have all since joined. ASEAN has done very well in creating more economic integration
arab league
was founded in 1945 during a period of Pan-Arabism and great concern for decolonization policies that placed a Jewish state in Palestinian territory
human security
The security of people, including their physical safety, their economic and social wellbeing, respect for their dignity, and the protection of their human rights.
international court of justice
The main judicial organ of the United Nations consisting of fifteen judges elected jointly by the General Assembly and Security Council. The ICJ handles disputes between states, not individuals and states, and although a state does not have to participate in a case, if it elects to do so then it must obey the decision.
international law
The formal rules of conduct that states acknowledge or contract between themselves.
international nongovernmental organizations
A formal nongovernmental organization with members from at least three countries.
league of nations
The first permanent collective international security organization aimed at preventing future wars and resolving global problems. The League failed due to the unwillingness of the United States to join and the inability of its members to commit to a real international community.
multinational corporations
A business or firm with administration, production, distribution, and marketing located in countries around the world. Such a business moves money, goods, services, and technology around the world depending on where the firm can make the most profit.
nongovernmental organizations
An organization, usually a grassroots one, that has policy goals but is not governmental in its makeup. An NGO is any group of people relating to each other regularly in some formal manner and engaging in collective action, provided the activities are noncommercial and nonviolent and are not conducted on behalf of a government.
nonstate actors
Any participant in global politics that is neither acting in the name of government nor created and served by government. Nongovernmental organizations, terrorist networks, global crime syndicates, and multinational corporations are examples.
peace enforcement
An action designed to bring hostile parties to agreement; it may occur without the consent of the parties.
post conflict peace building
Activities launched after a conflict has ended that seek to end the condition that caused the conflict.
responsibility to protect revolutions
Resolution supported by the United Nations in 2005 to determine the international community’s responsibility in preventing mass atrocities, reacting to crises, protecting citizens, rebuilding, and preventing future problems.
social movement
A mode of collective action that challenges ways of life, thinking, dominant norms, and moral codes; seeks answers to global problems; and promotes reform or transformation in political and economic institutions.
state sovereignty
The concept that all countries are equal under international law and that they are protected from outside interference; this is the basis on which the United Nations and other international and regional organizations operate.
supranational global organization
An authoritative international organization that operates above the nation-state.
transnational advocacy networks
A network of activists—often, a coalition of nongovernmental organizations—distinguishable largely by the centrality of principled ideas or values in motivating its formation.
United Nations
Founded in 1945 following World War II, it is an international organization composed of 193 member states dedicated to addressing issues related to peace and security, development, human rights, humanitarian affairs, and international law.
UN Charter
The legal regime that created the United Nations. The charter defines the structure of the United Nations, the powers of its constitutive agencies, and the rights and obligations of sovereign states party to the charter.
United Nations economic and social council`
The council made up of five permanent member states (sometimes called the P5)—namely, Great Britain, China, France, Russia, and the United States—and ten nonpermanent members. The P5 all have a veto power over all Security Council decisions.
united nations general assembly
Often referred to as a “parliament of nations,” it is composed of all member states, which meet to consider the world’s most pressing problems. Each state has one vote, and a two-thirds majority in the General Assembly is required for decisions on key issues. Decisions reached by the General Assembly only have the status of recommendations and are not binding.
- decisions are only recommendations and are not binding on international law
united nations secretariat
The Secretariat carries out the administrative work of the United Nations as directed by the General Assembly, Security Council, and other organs. The Secretariat is led by the secretary-general, who provides overall administrative guidance.
united nations security council
This council is intended to coordinate the economic and social work of the United Nations and the UN family organizations. The ECOSOC has a direct link to civil society through communications with nongovernmental organizations.
united nations trusteeship council
Upon creation of the United Nations, this council was established to provide international supervision for eleven Trust Territories administered by seven member states in an effort to prepare them for self-government or independence. By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained self-government or independence, and the council now meets on an ad hoc basis.
venture philantrophy
The practice of supporting philanthropists or social entrepreneurs by providing them with networking and leveraging opportunities.
veto power
The right of the five permanent members of the Security Council (United States, Russia, China, France, and Great Britain) to forbid any action by the United Nations.
international organizations and laws respond to… (3)
-coordinating global linkages
- responding to common problems
- protecting core values
example of a regime
treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons
critisisms of international law
- western and christianity bias
- “standard of civilization”
- use of proveledge on security council to inverene in domestic policies of developing countries
role of non state actors
- shaping the normative environment
- providing info to national governments
- drafting international treaties
examples of state-based organizations
UN, NATO, world bank, world trade org.
example of non state organizatios
- amnesty international
- greenpeace
regional organizations
- eu
- au
global governors
authorities who exercise powers across borders for purposes of affecting policies
types of authority (5)
- institutional
-delegated - experts
- principle
- capacity
russia as a major power
- # 1 land mass
- economy is dependent on oil and gas
- semi authoritarian
- territorial aggression
china as a major power
- # 1 population size
- fast growing economy
- semi authoritarian
- regional hegemon
the UN addresses issues like…
- peace and security
- development
- human rights
- humanitarian affairs
- international laws
Un charter Ch VI
power to investigate and mediate disputes
UN charter Ch VII
power to authorize sanctions and use of force to resolve disputes
sanctions
economic restrictions, travel bans, access freezes, weapon embargos
global civil society
supranational sphere of social and political participation in which citizen groups, social movements and individuals engage in dialogue, debate, confrontation, and negotiation with each other, with governments, international and regional governmental organizations and MNCs.
traditional civil society actors (5)
- religious organizations
- schools
- educational institutions
- trade unions
- service unions
NOW: social movements and advocacy networks
transnational advocacy network
activists with centrality of principle ideas or values
4 types of international business
- international companoes
- multinational companies
- global companies
- transnational companies
INGOs as political actors
autonomous organizations not instruments of any government, not for profit, and are formal legal entities
NGOs tend to work in 3 broad areas…
- climate change, ocean pollution, bio diversity
- global health, education, human rights, war
- international law, institutions
BINGOS
business/industry
GRINGOS
government related/initiated
QUANGOS
receive funds from public sources
RINGOS
promote religious norms and values
Forms of INGO power (5)
- information politics
- symbolic politics
- leverage politics
- accountability politics
- global campaign politics
think tanks
research institutes
UN P5
france, US, UK, Russia, China
MNCs vs global civil society
- MNCs are profit-driven
