Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kaplan Physics > Chapter 9: Periodic Motion, Waves, and Sound > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Periodic Motion, Waves, and Sound Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

Simple Harmonic Motion is:

A

Repetitive motion of an oscillating system in which a particle or mass oscillates about an equilibrium position and is subject to a linear restoring force.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Equation to determine the restoring force of a spring (Hooke’s Law):

A

F = -kx

where k is the spring constant and x is the displacement of the spring from its equilibrium length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The higher the k value of a spring, the more:

A

stiff the spring is, and the greater the magnitude of restoring force for any given displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Equation to determine the acceleration of a spring:

A

a = -ω2x

where ω is the angular frequency and is equal to 2πf and rad(k/m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Equation to determine the angular frequency (ω) of a spring:

A

ω = 2πf = √(k/m)

where m is the mass of the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Frequency is a measure of:

A

the rate at which cycles of oscillation are being completed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SI unit of frequency:

A

hertz (Hz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

SI unit of anglular frequency:

A

r/s (radians per second)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

One radian is equal to:

A

180/π

so 2π radians is equal to 360 degrees (a full circle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Two springs with identical k and m values but that are stretched at different lengths will always experience the same:

A

frequency of oscillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Frequency describes:

A

the number of oscillations per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A period describes:

A

how many seconds it takes for one oscillation to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A period is equal to:

A

1/f

where f is the frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Equation to determine the potential energy of a spring:

A

PE = 1/2kx2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Equation to determine the kinetic energy of a spring:

A

KE = 1/2mv2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A spring’s maximum velocity is at:

A

the equilibrium point (as it passes through it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Equation to determine the restoring force of a pendulum:

A

F = -mgsinØ

where Ø is the angle between the pendulum arm and the vertical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Equation to determine the angular frequency (ω) of a pendulum:

A

ω = 2πf = √(g/L)

where L is the length of the pendulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The two factors that contribute to the angular frequency of a spring:

A

the spring constant and the mass of the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The two factors that contribute to the angular frequency of a pendulum:

A

gravity and the length of the pendulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Equation to determine the potential energy of a pendulum:

A

PE = mgh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Equation to determine the kinetic energy of a pendulum:

A

KE = 1/2mv2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Equation to determine the period (T) of a spring:

A

T= 2π√(m/k)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Equation to determine the period (T) of a pendulum:

A

T = 2π√(L/g)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Equation to determine the frequency (f) of a spring:

A

f = 1/T or ω/2π

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Equation to determine the frequency (f) of a pendulum:

A

f = 1/T or ω/2π

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

At maximum displacement, springs experience:

A

maximum restoring force, maximum acceleration, maximum potential energy, and minimum kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

At minimum displacement, springs experience:

A

minimum restoring force, minimum accleration, minimum potential energy, and maximum kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

At maximum angular displacement, pendulums experience:

A

maximum restoring force, maximum acceleration, maximum potential energy, and minimum kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

At minimum angular displacement, pendulums experience:

A

minimum restoring force, minimum accleration, minimum potential energy, and maximum kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Two types of sinusoidal waves:

A

transverse and longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Transverse waves are waves in which:

A

the direction of particle oscillation is perpendicular to the movement (propagation) of the wave (i.e. water and electromagnetic waves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

In any wave form, energy is delivered in the direction of:

A

wave travel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Longitudinal waves are waves in which:

A

the direction of particle oscillation is along the direction of wave propagation (i.e. sound waves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The frequency of a wave is equal to:

A

the number of wavelengths passing through a fixed point per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Wavelength and frequency are:

A

inverse to one another; having a large wavelength will result in a small frequency and having a short wavelength will result in a high frequency

37
Q

Equation to determine the speed (f) of a wave =

A

v = fλ = ω/k = λ/T

38
Q

Equation to determine the wavenumber (k) of a wave:

A

k = 2π/λ

39
Q

Equation to determine the angular frequency (ω) of a wave:

A

ω = 2πf = 2π/T

40
Q

Phase difference describes:

A

how “in step” or “out of step” two waves are with each other.

41
Q

Two waves are in phase when:

A

they have the same frequency, wavelength, and amplitude and pass through the same space at the same time (their troughs and crests are in the exact same positions)

42
Q

When two waves are perfectly in phase, the phase differnce is:

A

zero

43
Q

When the trough of one wave is exactly opposite the crest of another wave, the phase difference is:

A

one-half of a wave, or 180 degrees

44
Q

Interference describes:

A

waves meeting in space

45
Q

Constructive interference describes:

A

waves meeting in space IN phase; the resultant wave is the sum of the two waves and has a greater amplitude

46
Q

Destructive interference describes:

A

waves meeting in space OUT of phase; the resultant wave is the difference of the two waves and has a reduced amplitude

47
Q

When two waves are exactly 180 degrees out of phase, the resultant wave:

A

has zero amplitude; the cancel each other out and there is no wave

48
Q

A traveling wave is:

A

a wave that can be seen to be moving

49
Q

When a traveling wave reaches a fixed boundary:

A

it is reflected and inverted

50
Q

A standing wave is:

A

a wave that appears to have a stationary waveform

51
Q

Nodes are:

A

points in the wave that remain at rest (don’t move)

52
Q

Antinodes are:

A

points in the wave that are midway between nodes; they are the points that fluctuate the maximum amplitude

53
Q

Natural frequency is:

A

the frequency or frequencies at which an object will vibrate when disturbed.

54
Q

Timbre is:

A

the quality of sound; it Is determined by the natural frequency or frequencies of the object.

55
Q

Pure tone:

A

a single frequency

56
Q

Rich tone:

A

multiple natural frequencies that are related to one another by whole number ratios

57
Q

Forced oscillation:

A

when a periodically varying force is applied to a system, and the system is driven at a frequency equal to the frequency of the force

58
Q

When the frequency of a applied force is close to that of the natural frequency of a system, the amplitude of oscillation:

A

becomes larger

59
Q

If the frequency of a periodic force is equal to a natural frequency of a system, the system is:

A

resonating (the amplitude of oscillation is at a maximum)

60
Q

Sound is:

A

a longitudinal wave of oscillating mechanical disturbances of a material

61
Q

Sound can travel through solids, liquids, and gases, but not:

A

a vacuum.

62
Q

Sound travels fastest through:

A

a solid

63
Q

Sound travels slowest through:

A

a liquid

64
Q

Audible wave frequency:

A

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

65
Q

Infrasonic wave frequency:

A

< 20 Hz

66
Q

Ultrasonic wave frequency:

A

> 20,000 Hz

67
Q

Sound is produced by:

A

the mechanical disturbance of the particles of a material, creating oscillations of particle density that are along the direction of movement of the sound wave

68
Q

Equation to determine the intensity of a wave:

A

I = P/A

where P is the power and A is the surface area of the object the wave comes in contact with

69
Q

SI units of intensity:

A

W/m2

70
Q

Intensity of a wave is proportional to:

A

the square of the amplitude of the wave

(I = Amplitude2)

71
Q

Intensity of a wave is inversely proportional to:

A

the square of the distance the wave traveled from the source

72
Q

Equation to determine the sound level (B):

A

B = 10log(I/Io)

where Io is 1 X 10-12 (the threshold of hearing)

73
Q

Equation to determine the new sound level after the intensity of a sound is changed by some factor:

A

Bf = Bi + 10log(If/Ii)

where (If/Ii) is the ratio of the final intensity to the initial intensity

74
Q

Loudness of sound is related to the sound’s:

A

intensity (which is proportional to the sound’s amplitude squared

75
Q

Pitch of a sound is related to the sound’s:

A

frequency

76
Q

Equation to determine the beat frequency:

A

fbeat = |f1 - f2|

77
Q

The Doppler Effect is:

A

A shift in the perceived frequency of a sound compared to the actual frequency of the emitted sound when the source of the sound and its detector are moving relative to each other

78
Q

In the Doppler Effect, the apparent frequency is higher when:

A

the source of a sound and its detector are moving toward each other

79
Q

In the Doppler Effect, the apparent frequency is lower when:

A

the source of a sound and its detector are moving away from each other

80
Q

Equation to determine the perceived frequency from the Doppler Effect:

A

when the source and detector are moving towards each other, use the top signs. When they are moving away from each other, use the bottom signs.

81
Q

Standing waves are produced by:

A

the constructive and destructive interference of two waves of the same frequency traveling in opposite directions in the same space.

82
Q

The points in a standing wave with no amplitude fluctuation are called:

A

nodes

83
Q

The points in a standing wave with maximum fluctuation are called:

A

antinodes

84
Q

Equation to determine the wavelength of standing waves for strings and open pipes:

A

λ = 2L/n

where L is the length of the string or pipe and n is the number of antinodes.

85
Q

Equation to determine the frequency of a standing wave for strings and open pipes:

A

f = nv/2L

where n is the number of nodes and L is the length of the string or pipe.

86
Q

The closed end of a pipe or string supports a:

A

node

87
Q

The open end of a pipe or string supports a:

A

antinode

88
Q

Equation to determine the wavelength of standing waves for closed pipes:

A

λ = 4L/n

where L is the length of the closed pipe and n is the number of nodes

89
Q

Equation to determine the frequency of a standing wave for closed pipes:

A

f = nv/4L

where n is the number of nodes and L is the length of the closed pipe

Kaplan Physics (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions