Chapter 1: Units and Kinematics Flashcards

1
Q

Number of liters in a gallon:

A

3.785

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2
Q

How to multiply numbers in scientific notation:

A

multiply significands, add the exponents

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3
Q

How to divide numbers in scientific notation:

A

divide significands, subtract the exponents

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4
Q

A number raised to a power in scientific notation:

A

raise the significand by the number, multiply the exponents by that number

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5
Q

How to add/subtract numbers in scientific notation:

A

The numbers have to have the same exponents. If they do not, convert one of them so that they have the same exponents.

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6
Q

Logarithm

A

the log of a number for a given base is the power to which the base must be raised to equal that number. In other words, a base raised by some power will equal a number, and that power is the log of that base.

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7
Q

The two most common bases:

A

e (natural log; 2.71) and 10 (common log)

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8
Q

log(mn)=

A

log(m) + log(n)

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9
Q

log(m/n)=

A

log(m) - log(n)

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10
Q

log(mn)=

A

nlogm

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11
Q

Vectors are:

A

Numbers with magnitude and direction (e.g. displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force)

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12
Q

Scalars are:

A

Number with magnitude only and NO direction (e.g. distance, speed, energy, pressure, and mass)

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13
Q

The sume or difference of two vectors is called the:

A

resultant of the vectors

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14
Q

Whe adding vectors, add them:

A

tip-to-tail

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15
Q

A single vector can be broken up into:

A

X and Y components

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16
Q

Subtracting two vectors can be accomplished by:

A

Adding the opposite of the vector being subtracted. A - B = A + (-B). By “-B” we mean a vector with the same magnitude, just pointing in the opposite direction.

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17
Q

Displacement

A

A change in position in space. A vector quantity.

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18
Q

Velocity

A

Displacement / Time

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19
Q

Instantaneous Velocity

A

lim( t → 0) Displacement / Time

20
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change in velocity over time. A vector quantity.

21
Q

Acceleration results from:

A

an application of force

22
Q

Average acceleration=

A

deltaV / deltaT

23
Q

Instantaneous Acceleration

A

Defined as the average acceleration as time approaches zero.

lim ( t→0) ΔV / ΔT

24
Q

On a velocity versus time graph, the tangent to the graph at any time (the slope) is the:

A

Instantaneous acceleration. (+ slope is + acceleration)

25
Falling objects exhibit linear motion with:
Constant acceleration
26
Acceleration due to gravity:
9.8 m/s2
27
Projectile Motion
Motion that follows a path in two dimensions (horizontal and vertical). Each dimension must be analyzed separately.
28
In projectile motion, horizontal velocity is always:
constant
29
Constant accleration implies:
constant force
30
Objects in terminal velocity experience a net force of:
Zero. Therefore the acceleration is also zero. The upward force of the air resistance is equal and opposite to the downward force of gravity.
31
sin 0
0
32
cos 0
1
33
sin 30
0.5
34
cos 30
0.86
35
sin 45
0.71
36
cos 45
0.71
37
sin 60
0.86
38
cos 60
0.5
39
sin 90
1
40
cos 90
0
41
sin 180
0
42
cos 180
-1
43
Constant Acceleration Equation: Vf =
= Vi + at
44
Constant Acceleration Equation: Vf2 =
= Vi2 + 2a(ΔX)
45
Constant Acceleration Equation: ΔX =
= average velocity / time = Vit + 1/2at2
46
Constant Acceleration Equation: Average Velocity =
= ΔV / 2