Chapter 1: Units and Kinematics

Question 1

Number of liters in a gallon:

Answer 1

3.785

Question 2

How to multiply numbers in scientific notation:

Answer 2

multiply significands, add the exponents

Question 3

How to divide numbers in scientific notation:

Answer 3

divide significands, subtract the exponents

Question 4

A number raised to a power in scientific notation:

Answer 4

raise the significand by the number, multiply the exponents by that number

Question 5

How to add/subtract numbers in scientific notation:

Answer 5

The numbers have to have the same exponents. If they do not, convert one of them so that they have the same exponents.

Question 6

Logarithm

Answer 6

the log of a number for a given base is the power to which the base must be raised to equal that number. In other words, a base raised by some power will equal a number, and that power is the log of that base.

Question 7

The two most common bases:

Answer 7

e (natural log; 2.71) and 10 (common log)

Question 8

log(mn)=

Answer 8

log(m) + log(n)

Question 9

log(m/n)=

Answer 9

log(m) - log(n)

Question 10

log(mⁿ)=

Answer 10

nlogm

Question 11

Vectors are:

Answer 11

Numbers with magnitude and direction (e.g. displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force)

Question 12

Scalars are:

Answer 12

Number with magnitude only and NO direction (e.g. distance, speed, energy, pressure, and mass)

Question 13

The sume or difference of two vectors is called the:

Answer 13

resultant of the vectors

Question 14

Whe adding vectors, add them:

Answer 14

tip-to-tail

Question 15

A single vector can be broken up into:

Answer 15

X and Y components

Question 16

Subtracting two vectors can be accomplished by:

Answer 16

Adding the opposite of the vector being subtracted. A - B = A + (-B). By “-B” we mean a vector with the same magnitude, just pointing in the opposite direction.

Question 17

Displacement

Answer 17

A change in position in space. A vector quantity.

Question 18

Velocity

Answer 18

Displacement / Time

Question 19

Instantaneous Velocity

Answer 19

lim( t → 0) Displacement / Time

Question 20

Acceleration

Answer 20

The rate of change in velocity over time. A vector quantity.

Question 21

Acceleration results from:

Answer 21

an application of force

Question 22

Average acceleration=

Answer 22

deltaV / deltaT

Question 23

Instantaneous Acceleration

Answer 23

Defined as the average acceleration as time approaches zero.

lim ( t→0) ΔV / ΔT

Question 24

On a velocity versus time graph, the tangent to the graph at any time (the slope) is the:

Answer 24

Instantaneous acceleration. (+ slope is + acceleration)

Question 25

Falling objects exhibit linear motion with:

Answer 25

Constant acceleration

Question 26

Acceleration due to gravity:

Answer 26

9.8 m/s²

Question 27

Projectile Motion

Answer 27

Motion that follows a path in two dimensions (horizontal and vertical). Each dimension must be analyzed separately.

Question 28

In projectile motion, horizontal velocity is always:

Answer 28

constant

Question 29

Constant accleration implies:

Answer 29

constant force

Question 30

Objects in terminal velocity experience a net force of:

Answer 30

Zero. Therefore the acceleration is also zero. The upward force of the air resistance is equal and opposite to the downward force of gravity.

Question 31

sin 0

Answer 31

0

Question 32

cos 0

Answer 32

1

Question 33

sin 30

Answer 33

0.5

Question 34

cos 30

Answer 34

0.86

Question 35

sin 45

Answer 35

0.71

Question 36

cos 45

Answer 36

0.71

Question 37

sin 60

Answer 37

0.86

Question 38

cos 60

Answer 38

0.5

Question 39

sin 90

Answer 39

1

Question 40

cos 90

Answer 40

0

Question 41

sin 180

Answer 41

0

Question 42

cos 180

Answer 42

-1

Question 43

Constant Acceleration Equation: V_f =

Answer 43

= V_i + at

Question 44

Constant Acceleration Equation: V_f² =

Answer 44

= V_i² + 2a(ΔX)

Question 45

Constant Acceleration Equation: ΔX =

Answer 45

= average velocity / time

= V_it + 1/2at²

Question 46

Constant Acceleration Equation: Average Velocity =

Answer 46

= ΔV / 2