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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 9 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Mass of sensory neuron cell bodies in dorsal root of spinal nerve

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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2
Q

Portion of nervous system that controls actions of viscera and skin

A

Autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

Membranous sacs within cytoplasm of nerve cells that have ribosomes attached to their surfaces

A

Nissl bodies

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4
Q

Muscle or gland that responds to stimulation

A

Effector

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5
Q

Autonomic nerve fiber on proximal side of a ganglion

A

Preganglionic fiber

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6
Q

Difference in electrical charge between inside and outside of an undisturbed nerve cell membrane

A

Resting potential

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7
Q

Pertaining to the spinal cord or to the vertebral canal

A

Spinal nerve

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8
Q

Nerve impulses arriving at the same neuron

A

Convergence

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9
Q

Region of brain from which impulses to muscles or glands originate

A

Motor area

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10
Q

Portion of autonomic nervous system that arises from brain and sacral region of spinal cord

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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11
Q

Cavity containing marrow within diaphysis of long bone

A

Medullary cavity

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12
Q

Inner portion of adrenal gland

A

Adrenal medulla

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13
Q

Small structure in central part of brain

A

Pineal gland

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14
Q

Small region of brain stem between diencephalon and pons

A

Midbrain

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15
Q

Portion of brain stem that controls breathing depth and rate

A

Respiratory center

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16
Q

Nerve composed of sensory nerve fibers

A

Sensory nerve

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17
Q

Sensory branch of spinal nerve by which nerve joins spinal cord

A

Dorsal root

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18
Q

Tube within spinal cord that is continuous with brain ventricles and contains cerebrospinal fluid

A

Central canal

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19
Q

Loss of negative electrical charge from inner membrane surface

A

Depolarization

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20
Q

Nerve fiber that transmits impulses toward neuron cell body

A

Dendrite

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21
Q

Groups of nerve fibers that carry nerve impulses from brain through spinal cord

A

Descending tracts

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22
Q

Mass of neuron cell bodies, usually outside central nervous system

A

Ganglion (plural, ganglia)

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23
Q

Neuron between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron

A

Interneuron

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24
Q

Fatty material that forms sheathlike covering around some nerve fibers

A

Myelin

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25
Q

Sheath formed from Schwann cell on outside of some nerve fibers

A

Neurilemma

26
Q

Elevation of a structures surface caused by infolding of structure upon itself

A

Convolution

27
Q

Nerve pathway, consisting of a sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron, that forms the structural and functional bases for a reflex

A

Reflex arc

28
Q

Decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel

A

Vasodilation

29
Q

Nerve fiber that conducts nerve impulse away from neuron cell body

A

Axon

30
Q

Nerve fiber that secretes norepinephrine at the axon terminal

A

Adrenergic fiber

31
Q

Autonomic nerve fiber on distal side of a ganglion

A

Postganglionic fiber

32
Q

A neuron sending impulses to multiple other neurons

A

Divergence

33
Q

These cells fill spaces, support neurons, provide structural frameworks, produce myelin, and carry on phagocytosis.

A

Neuroglial cells

34
Q

Small cells that phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris

A

Microglial cells

35
Q

Form myelin in the brain and spinal cord

A

Oligodendrocytes

36
Q

They are near blood vessels and support structures, aid in metabolism, and respond to brain injury by filling in spaces

A

Astrocytes

37
Q

Cover the inside of ventricles and form choroid plexuses within the ventricles

A

Ependyma

38
Q

They are the myelin-producing neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system

A

Schwann cells

39
Q

Narrow gaps in the myelin sheath between Schwann cells

A

Nodes of Ranvier

40
Q

They have many nerve fibers arising from their cell bodies and are commonly found in the brain and spinal cord

A

Multipolar neurons

41
Q

Found in the eyes, nose, and ears, and have a single axon and a single dendrite extending from opposite sides of the cell body.

A

Bipolar neurons

42
Q

Found in ganglia outside the CNS and have an axon and a dendrite arising from a single short fiber extending from the cell body

A

Unipolar neurons

43
Q

Afferent neurons, they conduct impulses from peripheral receptors to the CNS and are usually unipolar.

A

Sensory neurons

44
Q

Multipolar neurons that conduct impulses fro the CNS to effectors

A

Motor neurons

45
Q

The junction between two communicating neurons

A

Synapse

46
Q

The process by which the impulse in the presynaptic neuron is transmitted across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic neuron

A

Synaptic transmission

47
Q

A deep ridge of nerve fibers that connects the hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

48
Q

Masses of gray matter located deep within the cerebral hemispheres that relay motor impulses from the cerebrum and help to control motor activities by producing inhibitory dopamine

A

Basal ganglia

49
Q

Include the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the globus pallidus

A

Basal ganglia

50
Q

Lies above the brain stem and contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

A

Diencephalon

51
Q

Functions in sorting and directing sensory information arriving from other parts of the nervous system, performing the services of both messenger and editor

A

Thalamus

52
Q

Maintains homeostasis by regulating a wide variety of visceral activities and by linking the endocrine system with the nervous system

A

Hypothalamus

53
Q

Controls emotional experience and expression

A

Limbic system

54
Q

What does the brain stem consist of?

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

55
Q

Contains bundles of myelinated nerve fibers that convey impulses to and from higher parts of the brain, and masses of gray matter that serve as reflex centers

A

Midbrain

56
Q

Transmits impulses between the brain and spinal cord, and contains centers that regulate the rate and depth of breathing

A

Pons

57
Q

Transmits all ascending and descending impulses between the brain and spinal cord

A

Medulla Oblongata

58
Q

Houses nuclei that control visceral functions, including the cardiac center that controls heart rate, the vasomotor center for blood pressure control, and the respiratory center that works, along with the pons to control the rate and depth of breathing. Other nuclei hear are associated with coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting.

A

Medulla Oblongata

59
Q

Throughout the brain stem, hypothalamus, cerebrum, cerebellum, and basal ganglia, a complex network of nerve fibers connecting tiny islands of gray matter

A

Reticular formation

60
Q

Decreased activity here results in sleep, increased activity here results in wakefulness. Also filters incoming sensory impulses

A

Reticular formation

61
Q

Made up of two hemispheres connected by a vermis

A

Cerebellum

62
Q

Functions to integrate sensory information about the position of body parts and coordinates skeletal muscle activity and maintains posture.

A

Cerebellum

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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