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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 4 - Cellular Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Cellular Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Larger molecules are constructed from smaller ones, a process requiring energy

A

Anabolic reactions

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2
Q

Larger molecules are broken down, releasing energy

A

Catabolic reactions

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3
Q

The bond between two amino acids

A

Peptide bond

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4
Q

The capacity to do work

A

Energy

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5
Q

Cellular Respiration consists of

A

Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Train

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6
Q

A sequence of enzyme controlled reactions

A

Metabolic pathway

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7
Q

Contains the genetic code needed for the synthesis of each protein required by the cell

A

DNA

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8
Q

A portion of DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making a single protein

A

Gene

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9
Q

What does Adenine pair with?

A

Thymine

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10
Q

What does Cytosine pair with?

A

Guanine

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11
Q

Single stranded and Ribose rather than Deoxyribose and Uracil rather than Thymine

A

RNA molecules

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12
Q

mRNA molecules are synthesized in the nucleus in a sequence complementary to the DNA template

A

Transcription

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13
Q

A triplet of nucleotides in mRNA

A

Codon

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14
Q

mRNA move out of the nucleus and associate with ribosomes in the cytoplasm where the protein will be constructed

A

Translation

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15
Q

Molecule produced when adenosine triphosphate loses terminal phosphate

A

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

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16
Q

Organic molecule that stores and releases energy for use in cellular processes

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

17
Q

Phase of cellular respiration that requires oxygen

A

Aerobic respiration

18
Q

Phase of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen

A

Anaerobic respiration

19
Q

Three contiguous nucleotides of a transfer RNA molecule that are complementary to a specific mRNA

A

Anticodon

20
Q

Cellular process that releases energy from organic compounds

A

Cellular respiration

21
Q

Series of chemical reactions that oxidizes certain molecules, releasing energy; Krebs cycle

A

Citric acid cycle

22
Q

Nonprotein organic molecule required for the activity of a particular enzyme

A

Coenzyme

23
Q

Small molecule or ion that must combine with an enzyme for activity

A

Cofactor

24
Q

Anabolic process that joins small molecules; synthesis

A

Dehydration synthesis

25
Q

Molecule composed of two joined amino acids

A

Dipeptide

26
Q

Enzymatically adding a water molecule to split a molecule into smaller portions

A

Hydrolysis

27
Q

Type of compound produced during fat catabolism

A

Ketone body

28
Q

Agent that can cause mutations

A

Mutagen

29
Q

Process by which oxygen combines with another chemical; the removal of hydrogen or the loss of electrons; opposite of reduction

A

Oxidation

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