Chapter 9: Love and Sexuality Flashcards
how has adolescent love changed from the past?
it has become more informal
Adolescent boys and girls still go together to events, but they are much more likely than before to spend time together informally.
Dating tends to be even less formal in European societies than in American society. In non-Western cultures, dating is also rare.
Most American adolescents have their first romantic relationships in
early teens
Romantic relationships tend to begin in early adolescence with…
mixed-sex groups
Dating behavior tends to follow which sequence?
- same-gender groups go to places where they hope to find other-gender groups
- adolescents take part in social gatherings arranged by adults that include interactions between genders
3.mixed-gender groups arrange to go to events together.
- adolescent couples begin to date as pairs
Biological maturity has how much effect on the timing of beginning to date?
little
Adolescents report reasons for dating as:
- recreation (fun and enjoyment)
- learning (becoming more skilled at it)
- status (impressing others by having relations with high-status partner)
- companionship (seeking pleasurable activities with partner)
- intimacy (close emotional relations with another person)
- courtship (seeking someone as steady partner)
how do adolescent’s reasons for dating change as they enter emerging adulthood?
early adolescents: ranked recreation, followed by intimacy then status
emerging adulthood: ranked intimacy, followed by companionship, then recreation, with status much lower
how does what adolescents look for in a romantic partner change with age for boys?
boys mention physical attractiveness for what they prefer
The importance of intimacy is lower for boys than for girls in early adolescence, but by late adolescence boys and girls both value intimacy
Despite many changes in gender roles in recent decades, a dating script persists in which…
boys are expected to take the initiative, make the plans, and initiate sexual contact
girls are supposed to wait for boys to act and then respond, and are expected to place the limits on how far sex will go
what are dating scripts?
cognitive models that guide dating interactions
dating script for boys vs. girls?
boys: proactive script (initiating)
girls: reactive script (responding to the males gestures)
Sternberg’s theory of love describes a variety of types of love derived from combinations of…
passion, commitment, and intimacy
The three qualities from Sternberg’s theory of love be combined into seven different forms of love…
liking: intimacy alone, without passion and commitment, most friendships
infatuation: passion alone, without intimacy or commitment
empty love: commitment alone, without passion or intimacy
romantic love: combines passion and intimacy, without commitment
companionate love: combines intimacy and commitment, but without passion
fatuous love: passion and commitment without intimacy
consummate love: integrates all three, the ideal
Adolescent love usually lacks long-term commitment, so it is most often characterized by…
infatuation and romantic love
how might adolescents in non-western cultures experience passion?
Adolescents in non-Western cultures also experience passion, but many cultures restrict adolescents’ expressions of passionate love because they believe that marriage should be based on family interests rather than individual choice
Romantic love as the basis for marriage is a fairly new cultural idea
what is a virtually universal characteristic of young people in relationships?
feelings of passion
just as with friendships, people who get into romantic relationships with others tend to do so with…
people who are similar to them
characteristics such as: intelligence, social class, ethnic background, religious beliefs, physical attractiveness, personality
what concept in romantic relationships resembles selective association? what is it?
called “consensual validation” by social scientists
it means that people like to find agreement in others with their own characteristics because it validates their own way of looking at the world
The phases of adolescent love include….
the initiation phase, the status phase, the affection phase, and the bonding phase.
Much like parental attachment, romantic partners try to…
maintain regular proximity to each other
seek each other out for comfort
use one another as a “secure base.”
Attachment styles between loves have been found to resemble…
parent-child attachment styles
Attachments may be more likely to develop during..
emerging adulthood
what contributes to intense unhappiness after a breakup
Adolescenct egocentrism
Relationships dissolve for many reasons, including…
lack of common interests, communication problems, conflicting sexual attitudes and marriage ideas, differing backgrounds, and boredom
A study that followed relationships in college students found that couples who broke up were…
-lower in intimacy and love
-less likely to be similar or balanced
-likely to break up due to boredom and differences
-more likely to be broken up by the women
-likely to lack consensual validation
In one study of college students, more than half of those who had broken up were
at least moderately depressed two months later.
and increased alcohol and drug use
what is romantic harassment?
unwanted pursuit of the ex-partner
defined as the “persistant abuse in order to continue dating someone after they have expressed their desire to terminate the relationship”
-highly stressful for the women
In the United States as well as in northern European countries, cohabitation now marks the beginning of living with a partner instead marriage. It is now experienced by how many emerging adults?
at least two-thirds of emerging adults
Young people choose to cohabit in part because they wish to…
enhance the likelihood that when they marry and it will last
why does cohabitation predicts higher rather than lower likelihood of divorce?
because cohabiting couples differ from other couples even before moving in together (e.g., they are less religious)
they may become so used to living together yet still remaining seperate in many ways (financially) so that they are unprepared
In a large cross-national study, what ranked first, second, third and fourth among marriage criteria across countries?
- “mutual attraction—love”
- “dependable character,”
- “emotional stability and maturity,”
4.“pleasing disposition.
Marriage has often been seen by cultures as..
why?
an alliance between two families
because parents and kin often held the power to arrange their marriages they would choose partners based on their families status and wealth
There are consistencies across countries and genders for why people choose a marriage partner. The sharpest cross-cultural division was…
regarding chastity
which is considered very important in the eastern cultures
Cultures with a tradition of arranged marriage are changing through the influence of…
globalization
what ranked low in the large cross-national study regarding marriage criteria in various countries?
Similarity in religious and political background
Good financial prospects
Having a lot of money”
in the studies of adolescents’ views of the ideal man and the ideal woman.
Given a sudden freedom of choice in marriage without a cultural tradition to support and guide it, what might young people choose as a path to follow regarding marriage partners?
some young people prefer to devise a path midway between arranged marriage and marriage by choice.
it requires their own consent as well as they seek approval from the parents
For most, sexual intercourse is reached through…
a progression of stages lasting many years
sexual progression occurs in which stages?
- masturbation
- necking and kissing
- petting
- sexual intercourse
- oral sex
