Chapter 9 - Lifespan Development Flashcards
Normative approach
Asking “what is normal development?”
Children develop at different rates, so how can we determine what “normal development” is?
By using age-related averages as guidelines to compare.
Developmental milestones
specific normative events like crawling, walking, writing, speaking, puberty, etc.
Continuous Development view
views development as cumulative
Discontinuous Development view
views development as taking place in unique stages
What do infants in all cultures do before they babble?
They coo
Psychosexual development (Freud)
according to Freud, children’s pleasure-seeking urges are focused on different areas of the body
Erogenous zone (Freud)
a zone for each stage of development
What are the 5 erogenous zones? (Freud)
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Psychosocial theory of development (Erikson)
emphasizes social > sexual development; we are motivated by a need to achieve competence
Trust vs. Mistrust; during what age; and what does it mean? (Erikson)
Infancy; if needs are met - feel trust. If needs are not met - feel distrust.
Autonomy vs. Shame; during what age; and what does it mean? (Erikson)
1-3 yrs.; wanting to make choices, if denied -> doubt abilities
Initiative vs. Guilt; during what age; and what does it mean? (Erikson)
3-5 yrs.; initiating activities - when stifled, feel guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority; during what age; and what does it mean? (Erikson)
6-11 yrs.; comparing themselves to others; feel inferior if they don’t measure up.
Identity vs. Role Confusion; during what age; and what does it mean? (Erikson)
12-18 yrs.; developing identity -> confusion of identity
Intimacy vs. Isolation; during what age; and what does it mean? (Erikson)
18-40 yrs.; if don’t have strong sense of self -> may be lonely
Generativity vs. Stagnation; during what age; and what does it mean? (Erikson)
40-65 yrs.; finding life’s work -> if don’t, likely to stagnate
Integrity vs. Despair; during what age; and what does it mean? (Erikson)
65 yrs.+; reflect on life -> feel either satisfaction or failure.
Cognitive Theory of Development focused on? (Piaget)
childhood cognitive growth
Schemata
mental models that help us categorize info.
Assimilation
take in info. that is comparable to what we already know
Accommodation
a change in schemata based on new info.
Sensorimotor Stage during what age; and what does it mean? (Piaget)
0-2 yrs.; coordinating sensory info. and motor activity
Object permanence is developed when? What is it?
5-8 mos.; understanding that even if something is out of sight, that it still exists.
Preoperational Stage during what age; and what does it mean? (Piaget)
2-7 yrs.; use of symbols/words to represent things
“Pretend play” is an example of which stage of Piaget’s Cognitive Theory of Development? (Piaget)
Preoperational stage
Conservation
even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size
Egocentrism
child’s inability to take on perspective of others
Concrete Operational Stage during what age; what does it mean? (Piaget)
7-11 yrs.; understand logic
Reversibility
objects can be changed & returned back to original form
Formal Operational Stage during what age; what does it mean? (Piaget)
11 yrs.+; ability for abstract thought
Piaget thought cognitive processes
develop in stages
Vygotsky thought cognitive development was influenced by
culture
