Chapter 8: Memory

Question 1

Memory is the process of - (3 things)

Answer 1

encoding, storing, retrieval

Question 2

What is encoding?

Answer 2

The input of info. into the memory system

Question 3

What is storing?

Answer 3

The act of retention

Question 4

Automatic processing is encoded WITHOUT

Answer 4

conscious effort (e.g. remembering a time)

Question 5

Effortful processing

Answer 5

done with conscious effort (e.g. remembering a concept)

Question 6

Semantic encoding

Answer 6

The encoding of words and their meanings

Question 7

Self-reference effect

Answer 7

better memory if we can relate it to ourselves

Question 8

Sensory memory

Answer 8

storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. It is very brief storage—up to a couple of seconds.

Question 9

Short-term memory (STM)

Answer 9

temporary storage system processing incoming sensory info. (lasting 15-30 secs.)

Question 10

Rehearsal

Answer 10

moves info. from short-term memory to long-term memory

Question 11

Explicit memories

Answer 11

Memories we consciously try to remember/retain

Question 12

Episodic memories

Answer 12

memories of events we have personally experienced

Question 13

Implicit memories

Answer 13

long-term memories that are not part of our consciousness

Question 14

Procedural memories

Answer 14

how to do something

Question 15

Equipotentiality Hypothesis

Answer 15

if part of one area of the brain involved in memory is damaged, another part of the same area can take over that memory function

Question 16

How does amygdala help store memories?

Answer 16

The main job of the amygdala is to regulate emotions, such as fear. The amygdala plays a part in how memories are stored because storage is influenced by stress hormones.

Question 17

Arousal theory

Answer 17

strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, and weaker emotional experiences form weaker memories

Question 18

Flashbulb memory

Answer 18

an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event

Question 19

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 19

you cannot remember new information, although you can remember information and events that happened prior to your injury.

Question 20

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 20

loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma

Question 21

Misinformation effect paradigm

Answer 21

after exposure to new information, a person may misremember the original event.

Question 22

False memory syndrome

Answer 22

Recall of false autobiographical memories

Question 23

Transience

Answer 23

accessibility of memory decreases over time

Question 24

absentmindedness

Answer 24

forgetting caused by lapses in attention

Question 25

Blocking

Answer 25

accessibility of info. is temporarily blocked

Question 26

Misattribution

Answer 26

source of memory is confused

Question 27

Suggestibility

Answer 27

false memories

Question 28

Bias

Answer 28

memories distorted by belief system

Question 29

Persistence

Answer 29

inability to forget undesirable memories

Question 30

Proactive interference

Answer 30

when old information hinders the recall of newly learned information.

Question 31

Retroactive interference

Answer 31

when information learned more recently hinders the recall of older information

Question 32

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 32

a technique in which you think about the meaning of new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory

Question 33

Memory consolidation

Answer 33

info. saved to long-term memory

Question 34

2 types of explicit memory

Answer 34

Episodic, semantic

Question 35

2 types of implicit memory

Answer 35

Procedural, emotional

Question 36

Repression is a form of forgetting proposed by

Answer 36

Freud

Question 37

Suppression

Answer 37

conscious forcing of unwanted info. out of our awareness

Question 38

Method of Loci

Answer 38

attach images to what you want to remember