Chapter 9 lecture Intro to Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

What is the relationship between characters and traits?

Answer 1

A trait, as related to genetics, is a specific characteristic of an individual. Traits can be determined by genes, environmental factors or by a combination of both. Traits can be qualitative (such as eye color) or quantitative (such as height or blood pressure).

Question 2

When a cross is performed, what labels are used for the different generations?

Answer 2

1) True breads plants Mendel cross fertilized called P Generation (for parental)
2) offspring p generation plants called F1 Generation (for first filial)
3) Offspring F1 generation pllants called F2 generationn

Question 3

Perform (using Punnett squares) a monohybrid cross. What conclusions may be drawn from the results?

Answer 3

For a mono cross the punett square us 2x2 table
Two alleles carried by different gametes of this individual
The two alleles from the olther parent go on the left, one nect to eacch row

Question 4

What is the relationship between phenotype and genotype?

Answer 4

Phenotype physical trait as in flower color
Genotype: determines genotype as in combination of allele
EX: BB, Bb, bb

Question 5

Perform (using Punnett squares) a dihybrid cross. What conclusions may be drawn from the results?

Answer 5

For dihybrid cross the punnet square is 4x4 table
One allele of each gene

Genotype of two characters:
AaRr

All possible allele combinations in the gametes:
AR
Ar
aR
ar

Question 6

What are the four rules of probability?

Answer 6

F o i l
i u n a
r t n s
s t e t
t e r
r
1) Fist letter in each gene outter letter
2) Outter letter
3) Inner letters
4) Last letter of each gene

Question 7

What information is displayed in a pedigree?

Answer 7

Pedigree: study of inheritance pattern genetic characteristics
Horizontal line= male and female
Veticle line=offspring
Female biological: 0 & male Bilogical saure blank= Unaffected don’t have trait
Feamle circle filled and male sqaure filled= Affected either disease or ect….

If one allele is has a _ it would meant don’t know the allele

Question 8

What are examples of the different patterns of inheritance?

Answer 8

Medelian gentics= 2 alleles for every trait
Hetro= Aa domianant trait bc of inheriate be of healthy cant see it called complete dominate but not always work.
Incomplete Dominance= hetrozogous inbetween phenotype every genotype gets it own phenotype. Ex: RR=Red rr=white RESULT= Rr pink it blends
Dosen’t support blend allele not dialuting in any way.

Question 9

Do genetic or environmental factors control phenotype?

Answer 9

Enviormental factors combine with genotype to influence phenotype.
Genes can also genotype all contribute to the phenotype.

Question 10

What are the rules, genotypes, and phenotypes of an autosomal dominant disorder?

Answer 10

If an individual has the condition then at least one of their parents must have at least one defective allele and therfore has the condition.

Genotype: Phenotype:
AA Affected
Aa Affected
aa Unaffected

Question 11

What are the rules, genotypes, and phenotypes of an autosomal recessive disorder?

Answer 11

Hetrozygous individuals will not display symptoms of the disorder but they are considered carriers becasue they do have a recessive allele and can pass the faulty allele on their offspring.

Genotype: Phenotype:
AA Unaffected
Aa Unaffected
aa Affected

Question 12

What are the rules, genotypes, and phenotypes of an X-linked recessive disorder?

Answer 12

X linked disorders occur when an abnormal allele for a gene that occurs on the X chromosomes is recessive.

Female Genotype: Phenotype: Male Genotype:
XAXA Unaffected XAY
XAXa Unaffected
XaXa Affected XaY