Chapter 13- Evolution lab

Question 1

What is evolution? What are 5 mechanisms that drive evolution?

Answer 1

Evolution isthe change in heritable traits of biological populations over successive generations.

mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, non-random mating, and natural selection.

Question 2

Review punnet squares, probabilities and chi-square tests.

Answer 2

Look at phone images

Question 3

Explain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. What 5 conditions must occur for this equilibrium? How will evolution affect this equilibrium?

Answer 3

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle thathelps to predict allele frequencies in a population
must be random mating, population must be large, no movement in or out of population, no mutations, no natural selection
It will affect by the Hardy weinberg equilibrium

Question 4

MATH: Calculate allele and genotype frequencies given population data.

Answer 4

images from phone

Question 5

MATH: Calculate expected values given population data.

Question 6

MATH: Calculate chi-square values.
MATH: Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine whether a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Question 7

What do p, q, p2, 2pq, and q2 represent?

Answer 7

p = the frequency of dominat allele
q = The frquency of recessive allele
p2 = the frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
2pq = the frequency of the heterozygous genotype
q2 = the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype

Question 8

Use the equation to determine allele and genotype frequencies.

Answer 8

Allele Equation: Number of dominat alleles divide by total numbers of alleles
Ex: (2x36) + 98=130

130
300 (Total of alleles)
Answe= 0.43

Gentotype frquencies: p+q=1
p2+2pq+q2=1

Question 9

Solving for chi-square, how do we determine if evolution occurred?

Answer 9

p+q=1

Question 10

How does natural selection affect allele and genotype frequencies?

Answer 10

new “favored” (i.e., beneficial) allele will increase in frequency over a number of generations

Question 11

MATH: Calculate expected values and chi-square tests. Does evolution occur?

Question 12

How does genetic drift affect allele and genotype frequencies?

Answer 12

Migration will change gene frequencies by bringing in more copies of an allele already in the population or by bringing in a new allele that has arisen by mutation

Question 13

MATH: Calculate expected values and chi-square tests. Does evolution occur?

In genetic drift

Question 14

: If an entire phenotype has been removed from the population, how does this affect the expected frequency? The observed frequencies?

Answer 14

It affects after each generation and will decrease frequency allele frequencies will randomly increase and decrease over time.