Chapter 9 lecture: Endocrine System

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

The endocrine system is a network of glands that produce and release hormones to regulate various bodily functions.

Question 2

Compare and contrast exocrine and endocrine glands.

Answer 2

Exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts to the outside of the body or into the digestive system, while endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 3

Identify the major classes of hormones.

Answer 3

• Peptides
• Steroids
• Amino acid derivatives

Question 4

How does the solubility of a hormone affect its mode of action?

Answer 4

Water-soluble hormones typically act on cell surface receptors, while lipid-soluble hormones can pass through cell membranes and act on intracellular receptors.

Question 5

Name the major glands and their functions in the endocrine system.

Answer 5

• Pituitary gland: regulates other glands
• Thyroid gland: controls metabolism
• Adrenal glands: manage stress response
• Pancreas: regulates blood sugar
• Gonads (ovaries and testes): control sexual function

Question 6

What is diabetes (Type 1 and 2) and how might you prevent Type 2?

Answer 6

Diabetes is a chronic condition where the body cannot effectively use insulin. Type 1 is often autoimmune, while Type 2 is primarily lifestyle-related. Type 2 can be prevented through diet, exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight.

Question 7

How do the endocrine and nervous systems work with the rest of the systems in the body to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 7

The endocrine and nervous systems communicate and coordinate bodily functions to maintain stable internal conditions through feedback mechanisms.