Chapter 10 Lecture: Blood

Question 1

What type of tissue is blood?

Answer 1

Connective tissue

Blood is classified as a connective tissue due to its origin in the bones and its role in connecting different systems of the body.

Question 2

What are the components found in plasma?

Answer 2

Water, electrolytes, proteins, nutrients, hormones, waste products

Plasma makes up about 55% of blood volume and serves as a medium for transporting various substances.

Question 3

Name the 3 formed elements in blood and their functions.

Answer 3

• Red blood cells (carry oxygen)
• White blood cells (immune response)
• Platelets (blood clotting)

Each formed element plays a critical role in maintaining health and homeostasis.

Question 4

How does the structure of red blood cells relate to their function?

Answer 4

Biconcave shape increases surface area for oxygen transport

The flexible membrane allows red blood cells to navigate through capillaries.

Question 5

Describe the structure and function of each white blood cell.

Answer 5

• Neutrophils (phagocytosis)
• Lymphocytes (adaptive immunity)
• Monocytes (become macrophages)
• Eosinophils (combat parasites)
• Basophils (release histamine)

Each type of white blood cell has a unique structure that suits its specific immune function.

Question 6

What are disorders of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets?

Answer 6

• Anemia (red blood cells)
• Leukemia (white blood cells)
• Thrombocytopenia (platelets)

These disorders can significantly affect the body’s ability to transport oxygen, fight infections, and clot blood.

Question 7

What are antigens, antibodies, and blood transfusions?

Answer 7

• Antigens (substances that trigger immune response)
• Antibodies (proteins that neutralize antigens)
• Blood transfusions (transfer of blood from one person to another)

Understanding these concepts is crucial for safe blood transfusions and managing immune responses.

Question 8

How are ABO blood types determined?

Answer 8

By the presence or absence of A and B antigens on red blood cells

The ABO blood group system is one of the most important systems for blood compatibility.

Question 9

What blood types are compatible for blood transfusions?

Answer 9

• Type O (universal donor)
• Type AB (universal recipient)
• A can receive A and O
• B can receive B and O

Compatibility is critical to prevent adverse reactions during transfusions.

Question 10

What is the Rh factor and how is this important to pregnancy?

Answer 10

Rh factor is a protein on red blood cells; important for preventing hemolytic disease of the newborn

If an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive baby, it can lead to complications.

Question 11

How does the cardiovascular system interact with other systems to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 11

By transporting nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products throughout the body

The cardiovascular system works closely with the respiratory, digestive, and endocrine systems to regulate bodily functions.