Chapter 12: Lymphatic System Flashcards
What is the connection between microbes and humans?
Microbes play a crucial role in human health, including digestion and immune function.
Microbes can be beneficial (e.g., gut bacteria) or harmful (e.g., pathogens).
What are the parts of the lymphatic system and what are their functions?
The parts of the lymphatic system include:
* Lymph nodes
* Lymph vessels
* Spleen
* Thymus
* Bone marrow
Functions include:
* Transporting lymph
* Filtering pathogens
* Producing immune cells.
What are the first and second lines of defense in nonspecific immunity?
The first line of defense includes:
* Skin
* Mucous membranes
* Secretions (e.g., saliva, tears)
The second line of defense includes:
* Phagocytes
* Inflammatory response
* Fever.
What is cell-mediated immunity in the third line of defense?
Cell-mediated immunity involves T cells that directly attack infected or cancerous cells.
T cells include cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells.
What is antibody-mediated immunity in the third line of defense?
Antibody-mediated immunity involves B cells that produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens.
Antibodies mark pathogens for destruction by other immune cells.
What are the different types of B cells in these processes?
The types of B cells include:
* Plasma cells
* Memory B cells.
What is active immunity?
Active immunity is the immunity developed through exposure to a pathogen or vaccination.
It involves the production of antibodies by the immune system.
What is passive immunity?
Passive immunity is the immunity acquired through the transfer of antibodies from another source.
Examples include maternal antibodies passed to the fetus.
What are allergic reactions?
Allergic reactions are immune responses to harmless substances that the body mistakenly identifies as threats.
Common allergens include pollen, pet dander, and certain foods.
What is tissue rejection?
Tissue rejection occurs when the immune system recognizes transplanted tissue as foreign and attacks it.
This is a significant concern in organ transplantation.
What are immune system disorders?
Immune system disorders include:
* Autoimmune diseases
* Immunodeficiency disorders
* Allergies.
