Chapter 9 - Leading Flashcards
What is the “leading function”?
managers take the lead to bridge the gap between formulating plans and reaching goals. They transform plans into reality.
Is leadership the same as management?
no, management is a broader scope.
What is influencing?
It’s the process leaders follow when:
communicating ideas
gaining acceptance for these ideas
inspiring followers to support and implement ideas
What is one of the most important variables influencing success in organisations?
Leadership (not management)
What are the components of the leading function?
1) Authority - right to give orders, demand action
2) Power - ability to influence behaviour
3) Responsibility - obligation to achieve
4) Delegation - assigning responsibility and auth
5) Accountability - evaluation
What can managers never delegate?
They can delegate auth and responsibility but never ACCOUNTABILITY
Delegation refers to giving employees new tasks. Such a task may become part of:
- redesigned job
- or a once off task
A manager’s sources of POWER falls into 2 categories.
1) position power (top management delegates)
2) Personal power (bestowed by followers)
There are 5 types of personal power. What are they?
1) COERSIVE power - enforce compliance through fear eg used by criminals
2) REWARD power - ability to influence through giving or withholding reward eg. Salary raises
3) LEGITIMATE power - granted by organisation, right to discipline or dismiss employees
4) REFERENT power - a manager’s personal power or charisma.
5) EXPERT power - from knowledge, expertise or professional ability.
Blake and Mouton developed the “Managerial Grid” what is it?
An instrument that identifies various leadership styles on a 2 dimensional grid. They used a questionaire to measure this.
Found the “team-management” style to be the ideal
What is the Contingency / Situational approach to leadership about?
It attempts to determine the best leadership style for a given situation. Researchers considered:
How structured the task is
Quality of the relationship between leader and employees
Position power of leader
Role clarity of employees
Acceptance of leader by employees
What was Fred Fiedler’s contingency theory of leadership about?
Proposed that effective group performance depended on proper match between leader style of interaction and degree to which control is given to leader.
Fiedler developed an instrument to measure a leader as “task orientated” or “relationship orientated”
Fiedler believed leadership style is fixed
Which model on leadership did Robert House develop and what was it about?
The Path Goal model. It is the leader's responsibility to help employees achieve their goals through 4 leadership behaviors : Directive Supportive Participative Achievement-orientated
Much research supported the logic of this theory
Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard proposed which leadership model and what was it about?
Situational Leadership Model
Work maturity of employees determined the best leadership style for the situation.
Manager uses telling, selling, participating and delegating to match maturity level of given situation
What are the 5 dimensions of trust?
1) integrity
2) competence
3) consistency
4) loyalty
5) openness (telling whole truth)
What traits do Charismatic leaders have?
Self confidence Vision Ability to articulate the vision Strong convictions about the vision Unconventional behaviour Environmental sensitivity
What abilities do Visionary Leaders have?
Ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, attractive vision of the future of the organisation
James Burns distinguished between 2 types of leadership. Transactional and Tranformational leadership. What are they about?
Transactional - motivate by appealing to self-interest
Transformational - leaders and followers raise each other to higher levels of morality and motivation
Transformational leaders display 4 transformational styles. What are they?
1) idealised behaviour
2) inspirational motivation
3) intellectual stimulation
4) individualised consideration
5) idealised attributes (based on other leadership styles)
An emerging approach to leadership is Strategic Leadership. What is it about?
A person’s ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically and work with others to initiate changes
Another emerging approach to leadership is Cross Cultural leadership. What is it about.
The manager will need to adjust to the differences in national (international) cultures and change his style accordingly
Another emerging approach to leadership is the Ethical Leadership approach. What is this about?
Crucial in the global business world plagued by corruption. This is becoming a prerequisite for effective leadership.
Performance = ?
Ability x motivation x resources = performance
What are the 2 informal groups?
Interest groups - sharing common interest eg . Fees must fall (disband when goal is met)
Friendship groups - to satisfy social needs (sport ect)
What are the 2 formal groups?
Command groups - groups in line of auth
Task groups - created by organisations to complete a task
What are the 5 characteristics of a group?
- size
- composition
- norms (standards)
- cohesiveness (way stand together)
- status (formal or informal)
Give an example of a Work Group.
Group of admin clerks
Name the 3 types of work teams.
Problem solving
Self-managed
Cross-functional (on same hierarchy level)
What are the 5 characteristics of high performance teams?
Clear understanding of goals Capable members Mutual trust Good communication Encouraging leader
According to Belbin the effective team leader:
Limits their role and is inclined to delegate and not interfere with the way in which team members do their work
Meredith Belbin’s Team Role theory named 9 roles. What are they?
1) PLANT creative, solve problems
2) RESOURCE INVESTIGATOR extrovert, develops contracts
3) COORDINATOR clarifies roles, mature, confident
4) SHAPER challenging, thrives on pressure
5) MONITOR EVALUATOR sober, strategic
6) TEAM WORKER cooperative, diplomatic, listens
7) IMPLEMENTER disciplined, efficient, ideas into action
8) COMPLETER FINISHER painstaking, anxious, look for errors, delivers on time
9) SPECIALIST single minded, little knowledge or skill, dedicated, self starting
What is the purpose of the Sender in Communication?
To communicate effectively,
Know exactly what message is
Take care of words
What is the requirements of a message in communication?
It should be simple and clear
What can Leadership be defined as?
The process of influencing employees to work willingly towards the achievement of organisational objectives
