Chapter 8 - Organising Flashcards
What needs to be in place for departments to perform tasks?
Communication
Cooperation
Coordination
Give 5 reasons why Organising is important.
1) ensures joint and coordinated efforts
2) divides workload
3) productive utilisation of resources
4) related activities grouped together (departments)
5) to a complete, uniform harmonious unit
What are the 5 building blocks in Organising of an organisation in constructing the organisation. What are they?
1) designing jobs
2) grouping jobs (departments)
3) establishing reporting relationships
4) establishing auth relationships
5) coordinating activities
What is job design?
Determines an employees work related responsibilities
Job specialisation is normally an extension of:
Organisational growth
What is job rotation?
Involves systematically moving employees around from 1 job to another.
Is job rotation successful in motivating employees?
The job does not change. Rotation is better used as training.
What is job enlargement?
Increasing the number if tasks
Is job enlargement successful in motivation?
No, the benefits were offset by the disadvantages. Eg. Training costs higher; employees demand more money
What does Job Enrichment entail?
Increasing the numbers of tasks and the control the employee has over the tasks.
What is an alternative to job specialisation?
Work teams
How does work teams work?
This allows an entire team to design a work system it will use for tasks. Specific tasks may be delegated to team members. Teams monitor and control their own performance.
They have autonomy over the work scheduling
What are the 4?benefits of job specialisation?
1) proficient at each task
2) transfer time between jobs decrease
3) easier to develop specialized equipment to assist with job
4) training relatively cheap
What are the 2 limitations of specialisation?
1) boredom - absenteeism
2) anticipated benefits to not always occur
There are 5 types of departmentalisation. What are they?
1) functional
2) product
3) location
4) customer - eg banks
5) matrix organisational
What is the Matrix organisational system about?
It incorporates the advantages of the other structures (function, product, customer and location)
This suits ad hoc and complex projects requiring specialised skills. Eg IBM
What are the 2 steps in establishing reporting relationships?
1) establishing reporting lines
2) establishing span of management (how many people report to a manager)
What is the span of management also known as?
Span of control
What 9 factors influence the appropriate span of management?
1) skill, competence and maturity of supervisor
2) physical dispersion of subordinates
3) complexity of business
4) extent of non-supervisory work
5) degree of required interaction
6) extent of standardised procedures
7) similarity of tasks being supervised
8) frequency of new problems
9) preferences of supervisors and subordinates
How can Responsibility be defined?
The duty to perform a task or activity as assigned
How can Authority be defined?
The right to command or give orders
It is power that has been ligitimised by the organisation
What are the 3 characteristics of Formal Authority?
1) vested in organisational positions - NOT people
2) accepted by subordinates
3) auth flows down the vertical hierarchy
What is line authority?
Auth delegated down the line of command. Eg. MD has line auth over the financial manager.
What is decentralisation?
Process of delegating power and auth throughout the organisation to middle and lower level managers.
What happens next after the authority relationships have been completed?
Managers have to design an organisational structure that will enable coordination.
How can problems of cooperation between departments be resolved?
Keep each unit focussed on the organisational goal
Why should managers encourage informal structures in an organisation?
1) informal comm takes place much more rapidly
2) it promotes teamwork
3) informal organisation supports the formal organisation
Which 5 factors influence the organisation structure?
1) ENVIRONMENT in which buss operates
2) RELATIONSHIP between strategy and structure
3) SIZE of the business
4) STAFF employed
5) organisational CULTURE
There are 3 types of environments in which a business can operate. What are they?
1) stable environment
2) turbulent environment
3) technologically dominated environment
What is Organising?
The process of delegating and coordinating tasks, activities and resources to achieve organisational goals.
