Chapter 9: Language Diversity

Question 1

Western Cultures (us)

Answer 1

using infant directed speech

Question 2

what cultures ignore unintelligible child speech?

Answer 2

african american
samoan
Kaluli

Question 3

what happens when unintelligible child speech is ignored?

Answer 3

speech delays because they are not being corrected early on

Question 4

speech adults direct to children ranges in communicative accommodation

Answer 4

highly child centered
highly situation center

Question 5

highly child center

Answer 5

adult takes the perspective of the child to foster the Childs understanding and production of speech

Question 6

highly situation centered

Answer 6

adult expects the child to accommodate to activities and persons within specific communicative situations

Question 7

kaluli and Samoan parents

Answer 7

emphasize highly situation centered communcation

Question 8

Mayan parents

Answer 8

situation centered with infants
child centered with toddlers

Question 9

Dialects

Answer 9

focus on pronunciation, vocab, grammar

Question 10

accent

Answer 10

just pronounciation

Question 11

Southern Dialects

Answer 11

drawn out vowels

Question 12

Northern Dialects

Answer 12

Dropping the R

Question 13

Midwestern Dialects

Answer 13

merge vowel sounds

Question 14

western dialects

Answer 14

fronted back vowels
totally = tewtally

Question 15

African American vernacular english

Answer 15

reduce consonant clusters (old = ol)
delete suffix -s
phonological inversion (ask = aks)

Question 16

Chicano english

Answer 16

sounds like s not a z

Question 17

Puerto Rican English

Answer 17

final consonant deletion
cluster reduction
weak syllable deletion

Question 18

Miami dialect

Answer 18

heavier l
fewer vowel sounds

Question 19

jewish dialect

Answer 19

hard g
overaspiration of t sounds

Question 20

pidgins

Answer 20

made up language so people who speak 2 different languages can communicate with each other

Question 21

creoles

Answer 21

pidgin becomes creole is pidgin is passed down from generation to generation

Question 22

dual language learners

Answer 22

learning two or more languages

Question 23

bilingualism

Answer 23

children acquire their first two languages

Question 24

simultaneous bilingualism

Answer 24

acquire two or more languages at the same time right from birth

Question 25

sequential bilingualism

Answer 25

learning two languages at different times

Question 26

code switching

Answer 26

speakers with more than one language alternate between languages

Question 27

second language acquisition

Answer 27

when child already has solid foundation in their first language

Question 28

English language learner

Answer 28

children that are identified as having limited English proficiency in school

Question 29

critical period hypothesis

Answer 29

birth to puberty