Chapter 8: School Age 5-18 yrs

Question 1

Around what ages do children gain more language from text?

Answer 1

8-10 yrs

Question 2

what does reading help build in school age?

Answer 2

lexical knowledge, phonology, semantics and pragmatics

Question 3

what kind of shift happens in school age?

Answer 3

learn to read and then reading to learn

Question 4

when is the prereading stage

Answer 4

birth to beginning of very formal education

Question 5

what develops in prereading stage

Answer 5

beginning oral language
print awareness
phonological awareness

Question 6

5 stages after prereading stages

Answer 6

initial reading (decoding)
confirmation, fluency, ungluing from print
reading to learn
multiple viewpoints
construction and reconstruction

Question 7

initial reading (decoding)

Answer 7

5-7 yrs
starting to associate letters with spoken words
make substitution errors semantically

Question 8

What are the ages in the confirmation, fluency, ungluing from print stage?

Answer 8

7-8 yrs

Question 9

fluency

Answer 9

efficiency in their reading
rate is better paced

Question 10

ungluing from print

Answer 10

becoming more fluent in their reading

Question 11

reading to learn

Answer 11

9-14 yrs
gain new info from reading
close to reading on adult level

Question 12

multiple viewpoints

Answer 12

14-18 yrs
reading and learning more difficult concepts from text
learning and understanding different viewpoints

Question 13

construction and reconstruction

Answer 13

18+ yrs
analysis, synthesis, prediction
reading to suit their purposes

Question 14

acquire metalinguistic competence

Answer 14

think and analyze language, higher level analysis of language

Question 15

phonological awareness

Answer 15

as they are learning to read includes sound blending, segmenting and manipulating

Question 16

blending

Answer 16

add c to at to make cat

Question 17

segmenting

Answer 17

taking cat and splitting up the sounds

Question 18

phonemic awareness

Answer 18

level of phonologic awareness
understanding individual sounds and syllables in words

Question 19

what are children able to do by 7 yrs (2nd grade)?

Answer 19

sound manipulation

Question 20

what is the most complex phonologic awareness skill

Answer 20

sound manipulation

Question 21

metaphor

Answer 21

similarity between two things

Question 22

simile

Answer 22

like or as

Question 23

hyperbole

Answer 23

exaggeration used for effect

Question 24

idiom

Answer 24

both literal and figurative meaning

Question 25

irony

Answer 25

general expectations are at fault of individual

Question 26

sarcasm

Answer 26

refer to specifics of individuals failure

Question 27

proverbs

Answer 27

wisdom of society

Question 28

phonological development

Answer 28

morphophonemic development emphasis put on words vowel shifting (decide to decision)

Question 29

morphophonemic development

Answer 29

phonology as it applies to morphology (watches - pronounced as a z)

Question 30

morphological development

Answer 30

future tense, past tense, irregular tense additional prefixes and suffixes morphological awareness

Question 31

morphological awareness

Answer 31

increases as receptive vocal increases, word level, spelling

Question 32

Where do the most changes happen in form?

Answer 32

syntactic development

Question 33

syntactic development

Answer 33

complete syntax marking language as literate, advanced complex syntax, decontextualized language

Question 34

development of child complex syntax is related to?

Answer 34

complexity of caregivers

Question 35

what else is developed in syntax?

Answer 35

persuasive writing

Question 36

lexical development

Answer 36

learning vocabulary through direct instruction (vocab test)

Question 37

how many words can school age understand and use?

Answer 37

60,000

Question 38

contextual abstraction

Answer 38

making inferences of meaning from context

Question 39

pragmatic inferences

Answer 39

individual/background knowledge

Question 40

logical inferences

Answer 40

word kind of makes sense and get meaning based on conversation

Question 41

morphological analysis

Answer 41

looking at actual vocal word and different morphemes that surround that word to derive meaning

Question 42

understanding multiple meanings of words

Answer 42

difficulty understanding secondary meanings (bare vs bear)

Question 43

understanding of lexical and sentential ambiguity

Answer 43

can be ambiguity if you have phonological ambiguity - breaking word apart

Question 44

literate language

Answer 44

describing that language that is highly decontextualized relying on language itself to make the meaning

Question 45

elaborated noun phrases

Answer 45

noun and one or more modifiers

Question 46

adverbs

Answer 46

modify verbs

Question 47

mental verbs

Answer 47

think, know, believe

Question 48

linguistic verb

Answer 48

say, tell, speak, shout

Question 49

develop functional flexibility

Answer 49

using language for different purposes or functions

Question 50

what should school agers be able to do in use?

Answer 50

compare/contrast persuade hypothesize explain classify predict

Question 51

expository discourse

Answer 51

convey information

Question 52

conversational abilities

Answer 52

stay on topic longer entended dialogue factual comments read cues

Question 53

when does narrative develop?

Answer 53

5-6 yrs

Question 54

narrative recounts

Answer 54

retell personal experience

Question 55

narrative accounts

Answer 55

spontaneous personal narrative

Question 56

narrative event casts

Answer 56

describe situation as it happens

Question 57

narrative fictionalized stories

Answer 57

invented narratives

Question 58

mature narratives

Answer 58

write long stories and narratives (older school age)

Question 59

expressive elaboration

Answer 59

give more detains and expand

Question 60

language and gender

Answer 60

vocal, conversational styles, more emotions w/ girls vs boys women more polite men change topics women use fillers

Question 61

conversational pragmatics between men vs women

Answer 61

women make more eye contact than men

Question 62

language and aging

Answer 62

decline in language function word finding difficulty naming decreases

Question 63

common tests

Answer 63

Goldman fristoe test of articulation - 3 preschool language scale test of language development clinical evaluation of language fundamentals receptive one word picture vocab tests expressive one word vocab tests