Chapter 8: School Age 5-18 yrs Flashcards
Around what ages do children gain more language from text?
8-10 yrs
what does reading help build in school age?
lexical knowledge, phonology, semantics and pragmatics
what kind of shift happens in school age?
learn to read and then reading to learn
when is the prereading stage
birth to beginning of very formal education
what develops in prereading stage
beginning oral language
print awareness
phonological awareness
5 stages after prereading stages
initial reading (decoding)
confirmation, fluency, ungluing from print
reading to learn
multiple viewpoints
construction and reconstruction
initial reading (decoding)
5-7 yrs
starting to associate letters with spoken words
make substitution errors semantically
What are the ages in the confirmation, fluency, ungluing from print stage?
7-8 yrs
fluency
efficiency in their reading
rate is better paced
ungluing from print
becoming more fluent in their reading
reading to learn
9-14 yrs
gain new info from reading
close to reading on adult level
multiple viewpoints
14-18 yrs
reading and learning more difficult concepts from text
learning and understanding different viewpoints
construction and reconstruction
18+ yrs
analysis, synthesis, prediction
reading to suit their purposes
acquire metalinguistic competence
think and analyze language, higher level analysis of language
phonological awareness
as they are learning to read includes sound blending, segmenting and manipulating
blending
add c to at to make cat
segmenting
taking cat and splitting up the sounds
phonemic awareness
level of phonologic awareness
understanding individual sounds and syllables in words
what are children able to do by 7 yrs (2nd grade)?
sound manipulation
what is the most complex phonologic awareness skill
sound manipulation
metaphor
similarity between two things
simile
like or as
hyperbole
exaggeration used for effect
idiom
both literal and figurative meaning
irony
general expectations are at fault of individual
sarcasm
refer to specifics of individuals failure
proverbs
wisdom of society
phonological development
morphophonemic development
emphasis put on words
vowel shifting (decide to decision)
morphophonemic development
phonology as it applies to morphology
(watches - pronounced as a z)
morphological development
future tense, past tense, irregular tense
additional prefixes and suffixes
morphological awareness
morphological awareness
increases as receptive vocal increases, word level, spelling
Where do the most changes happen in form?
syntactic development
syntactic development
complete syntax
marking language as literate, advanced complex syntax, decontextualized language
development of child complex syntax is related to?
complexity of caregivers
what else is developed in syntax?
persuasive writing
lexical development
learning vocabulary through direct instruction (vocab test)
how many words can school age understand and use?
60,000
contextual abstraction
making inferences of meaning from context
pragmatic inferences
individual/background knowledge
logical inferences
word kind of makes sense and get meaning based on conversation
morphological analysis
looking at actual vocal word and different morphemes that surround that word to derive meaning
understanding multiple meanings of words
difficulty understanding secondary meanings (bare vs bear)
understanding of lexical and sentential ambiguity
can be ambiguity if you have phonological ambiguity - breaking word apart
literate language
describing that language that is highly decontextualized
relying on language itself to make the meaning
elaborated noun phrases
noun and one or more modifiers
adverbs
modify verbs
mental verbs
think, know, believe
linguistic verb
say, tell, speak, shout
develop functional flexibility
using language for different purposes or functions
what should school agers be able to do in use?
compare/contrast
persuade
hypothesize
explain
classify
predict
expository discourse
convey information
conversational abilities
stay on topic longer
entended dialogue
factual comments
read cues
when does narrative develop?
5-6 yrs
narrative recounts
retell personal experience
narrative accounts
spontaneous personal narrative
narrative event casts
describe situation as it happens
narrative fictionalized stories
invented narratives
mature narratives
write long stories and narratives (older school age)
expressive elaboration
give more detains and expand
language and gender
vocal, conversational styles, more emotions w/ girls vs boys
women more polite
men change topics
women use fillers
conversational pragmatics between men vs women
women make more eye contact than men
language and aging
decline in language function
word finding difficulty
naming decreases
common tests
Goldman fristoe test of articulation - 3
preschool language scale
test of language development
clinical evaluation of language fundamentals
receptive one word picture vocab tests
expressive one word vocab tests
