Chapter 9: Language and Thinking Flashcards
1
Q
properties of language: symbolic, grammar, semantics, generativity, displacement
A
- symbolic - conveying meaning
- grammar - rules that dictate how we can form and convert our thoughts coherently
- semantics - actually meaning of stuff, sayings for things like “i nailed it.”
- generativity - symbols being combined to generate a number of messages with meaning
- displacement - refers to the fact that we can communicate about events and objects even when there arent physically present
2
Q
surface and deep structure of language
A
surface:
- consists of ways symbols are combined
- syntax = grammar
deep:
- underlying meaning of the combined symbol
- semantics = underlying meaning
3
Q
what are phonemes
A
- smallest units of sounds recognized as separate in a given language
- 46 phonemes in English
- humans can produce 100s of phonemes
4
Q
what are morphemes
A
- small units of meaning
- 46 phonemes, more than 100,000 morphemes
- syllables
5
Q
describe bottom up processing
A
- indiviudal elements of a stimulus are analyzed and then combined to form a unified perception
6
Q
describe top-down processing
A
- sensory informations is interpreted in light of existing knowledge
- perceiving where each word within a spoken sentence begins and ends
7
Q
where the brocas area located
A
- frontal
- left hemi
- expressive aphasia
8
Q
where is wernickes area located
A
- temporal
- left hemi
- word salad
9
Q
What is the LAD
A
- language acquisition device
- humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through this device
- Noam Chomsky
10
Q
What is the LASS
A
- language acquisition support system
- represents social factors in the environment that facilitate language learning
11
Q
What was the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
A
- language affects thoughts
- futureless languages see their current status as their future status
- together
- non-futureless will see their current status as different from their future
- but ZUni language was still able to differentiate the colours without the names for it
12
Q
define prototypes and propositions
A
- prototype: most elementary method of forming concepts, grouping of similar things
- proposition: grouping something to together but doesn’t mean it’s right eg. concept of students and intelligence, proposing that students are smart
13
Q
difference b/w deductive and inductive
A
- reason from general principle
- start with specifics to general principle
14
Q
define framing
A
- mental represention
- looking at a problem another way
- optimal framing = better chance for solutions
15
Q
define mental set
A
- tendency to stick to solutions that have worked in the past
- fixated with an approach
eg. Luchin’s water jugs problem
