Chapter 9: Joints!

Question 1

• An Immovable Joint
• A slightly movable joint
• A freely movable joint

Answer 1

• Synarthrosis
• Ambiarthrosis
• Diarthrosis

Question 2

1. Structural Classification ; There is no synovial cavity, and the bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue.
2. A fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissues; occurs ONLY between the bones of the skull.
3. A fibrous joint in which there is a greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular connective than in a suture.
4. An example of Syndesmosis, in whiche a cone-shapedpeg fits into a socket.

Answer 2

1. Fibrous Joint
2. Suture
3. Syndesmosis
4. Gomphosis

Question 3

1. A type of joint that lacks a synovial cavity and allows little of no movement., and the articulating bones are tightly connected by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
2. A type of Cartilaginous joint in which the connectiing material is hyaline cartilage.(Immovable)
3. A type of Cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones. (Slightly Movable)

Answer 3

1. Cartilaginous joint
2. Synchondrosis
3. Symphsis

Question 4

1. A type of Joint that, unlike other joins, have the presence of a space called a Synovial cavity.
2. Surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the Synovial cavity, and unites the articulating bones.
3. The inner layer of the articular capsule; is composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers;includes accumulations of adipose tissue.

Answer 4

1. Synovial Joint
2. Fibrous Capsule
3. Synovial Membrane

Question 5

1. Ligaments found outside the articular capsule.
2. Ligaments found inside the articular capsule.

Answer 5

1. Extracapsular ligaments
2. Intracapsular ligaments

Question 6

1. To reduce the friction between moving body parts, these sac-like structures are situated in the body tissue, and are found between skin and bone in places where skin rubs over bone, and between tendons and bones, muscles and bones, and ligaments and bones

Answer 6

1. Bursae

Question 7

1. A common site of injury in pitchers; it’s a group of muscles and tendons, which completely encircle the shoulder joint.
2. These natural made painkillers have pain-killing properties and are linked to learning, memory, sexual activity, control of body temperature, and mental illnesses like depression and schizoprenia
3. An Endorphin that is 200 times more powerful than morphine and 50 times more powerful than Beta endorphin
4. An aching pain around the front of a Runner’s knee, that may result from excessive pronation of the foot or tight hamstrings

Answer 7

1. Rotator Cuff
2. Endorphins
3. dynorphin
4. Runner’s Knee

Question 8

1. To rotate a joint toward the mid-line
2. The three muscles of the posterior aspect of the thigh. (Hamstring)

Answer 8

1. Pronation
2. Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, and Biceps foramen

Question 9

1. Displacement of the tibia relative to the femur.
2. A displacement of a bone from a joint with tearing of ligaments, tendons, and articular capsules.
3. A partial or incomplete dislocation.

Answer 9

1. Dislocated Knee
2. Luxation
3. Subluxation

Question 10

1. Most common sites of luxation are the _____, _____, or ______.
2. A _____ is more sever than a ___.
3. A forcible wrenching or twisting of a joint with partial rupture or injury to its attachment without luxation.
4. The overstretching of a muscle.

Answer 10

1. Fingers, Thumb, Shoulder
2. Sprain
3. Strain