Chapter 9: Interest Groups

Question 1

According to pluralism, the interest group becomes

Answer 1

The essential bridge between the individual and the government

Question 2

Public policy is balanced by

Answer 2

Group competition

Question 3

Interest groups are organizations that seek to

Answer 3

Obtain at least part of their goals by directly influencing government policy

Question 4

Private interest groups are

Answer 4

Those that work to protect and promote the financial interests of their members

Question 5

Business and Trade Organization: These are:

Answer 5

All-inclusive organizations that represent business interest and more than half of the organizations in Washington

Question 6

The National Association of Manufacturers: Trade Associations:

Answer 6

Interest group composed of businesses in specific industries (ex: American Petroleum Institute)

Question 7

Professional Association Examples:

Answer 7

The American Bar Association (ABA), and the American Medical Association (AMA)

Question 8

Organized labor

Answer 8

Labor unions remain a major political influence in Washington

Question 9

Government employees (including public school teachers)

Answer 9

Transportation and service worker unions

Question 10

The AFL-CIO is a federation of

Answer 10

68 separate unions with more than 13 millions members

Question 11

Farm Organization: American Farm Bureau Federal, which represents the

Answer 11

Agribusiness and specialized groups, such as the National Milk Producers

Question 12

The National Farmer’s Union represents

Answer 12

Small and low-income farmers

Question 13

Pubic Interest Groups

Answer 13

Interest groups that claim to represent branch classes of people or the public as a whole

Question 14

Women’s Organizations: The National Organization of Women:

Answer 14

Lobbies for issues supported by feminists

Question 15

Religious Groups: Liberal organization

Answer 15

The Anti-Defamation League of B’nai B’rith

Question 16

Conservative organization

Answer 16

The American Center for Law and Justice

Question 17

Single Issue Groups

Answer 17

Organization formed to support or oppose government action on a specific issue

Question 18

They do not compromise on their issue

Answer 18

Ex: NARAL, Sea Shepard

Question 19

Ideological groups

Answer 19

Interest groups that pursue ideologically based liberal or conservative agendas

Question 20

Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) is a

Answer 20

Liberal group

Question 21

The American Conservative Union (ACU) is a

Answer 21

Conservative group

Question 22

Lobbyist

Answer 22

Person working to influence government policies and actions

Question 23

Many lobbyists are

Answer 23

The employees of interest group organizations who devote all of their efforts to their sponsors

Question 24

Independent lobbyists are located in

Answer 24

Law consulting, or public relations firms who represent clients for a fee

Question 25

Lobbying activities directed at

Answer 25

Government officials influence their decisions

Question 26

Techniques of public relations:

Answer 26

Building and maintaining goodwill with the general public

Question 27

Accomplished by mass media advertising to

Answer 27

Create a favorable image for themselves in the general public

Question 28

Lobbying techniques access

Answer 28

Meeting and talking with decision makers, a prerequisite to direct persuasion

Question 29

Lobbyists regularly provide

Answer 29

Dinner, travel vacations to congressional members, to White House officials and other executive officials

Question 30

Lobbyists will provide

Answer 30

Technical expertise and political in about the group’s position on the issue

Question 31

Congressional members and administrators in

Answer 31

The executive branch depend on trusted lobbyists

Question 32

Grass-Roots Lobbying

Answer 32

Attempt to influence government decision making by inspiring their members to contact their representatives

Question 33

Letter-writing campaigns, phone calls urging

Answer 33

The group’s position, and voting for or against candidates based on their policy positions

Question 34

Protests and Demonstration

Answer 34

Interest groups motivate their members to take part in these activities to pressure government officials

Question 35

Campaign support: The real key to lobbying is

Answer 35

The campaign contribution and legislator must depend heavily on contributions from organized interests

Question 36

Organized interest groups channel their campaign contributions through

Answer 36

Political action committees (PACs)

Question 37

PACs are organized by

Answer 37

Corporations, labor unions, trade associations, ideological and issue-oriented groups

Question 38

Mutually supportive relationships among

Answer 38

Interest groups government agencies and legislative committee with jurisdiction over a specific policy area

Question 39

All three parties cooperate, depend on one another, and work together to

Answer 39

Serve their own interest in promoting the same policy goal

Question 40

Issue networks are

Answer 40

Coalition of interest groups and governmental players who promote policy on a particularly issue

Question 41

Coalitions of interest groups that

Answer 41

Have the same policy goal fight against the coalition of interest groups that want a conflicting policy goal regarding the same issue

Question 42

Agency capture means the agency become

Answer 42

Captive to the interest and it is supposed to oversee

Question 43

When this occurs, the agency promotes the narrow interest supported by

Answer 43

Interest group instead of serving the public interest

Question 44

Many cases brought to the federal courts are initiated by

Answer 44

The interest groups

Question 45

Although groups cannot influence judges directly,

Answer 45

They heavily lobby Congress to affect the outcome of federal of judicial confirmations