Chapter 2: Political Culture: Ideas in Conflict Flashcards

1
Q

Political Culture

A

Widely shared ideas about who should govern, for what ends, and by what means

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2
Q

Widely shared ideas about who should govern, for what ends, and by what means

A

Beliefs and Values

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3
Q

Beliefs are

A

Shared ideas about what is true, and can determine values

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4
Q

Values are

A

Shared ideas about what is good and desirable and provide standards for judging what is right and wrong

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5
Q

Individual liberty

A

The high worth of individual liberty is widely accepted

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6
Q

Classical liberalism

A

Political philosophy asserts the worth and dignity of the individual and emphasizes the rational ability of human beings to determine their desires

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7
Q

Political liberty: According to John Locke, argued that a natural law, or moral principle, guaranteed every person:

A

“certain inalienable rights,” among them “Life, Liberty, and Happiness.”

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8
Q

Political liberty and Social Contract Theory

A

Implicit in these concepts is the belief that governmental activity and restrictions on individuals should be kept to a minimum

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9
Q

Economic freedom

A

Classical liberation as a political idea is closely associated with capitalism

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10
Q

Capitalism is

A

An economic system in which individuals have a right to own, buy, sell, rent, and trade property in a free market

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11
Q

Equality of Opportunity

A

Elimination of artificial barriers to success in life and the opportunity for everyone to strive for success

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12
Q

American are generally willing to have government act to ensure

A

Equality of opportunity

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13
Q

Equality of results is

A

Equal sharing of income and material goods regardless of one’s efforts in life

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14
Q

Equality of results appears to

A

Be growing in popularity among Americans

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15
Q

Fairness

A

Americans value “fairness” even though they do not always agree on what is fair

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16
Q

Income increases are due to

A

1) The decline of the manufacturing economic sector and the increase of communication, information, and service economic sectors
2) The rise in the number of two-wage families, female-headed households making a single wage
3) Demographic trends, including a larger elderly population

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17
Q

Global competition, which restrains wages in

A

Unskilled and semiskilled jobs while rewarding people in high technology, high-productivity occupations

18
Q

Social mobility

A

The extent to which people move upward or downward in income and status over a lifetime or generations

19
Q

Immigration policy is

A

The responsibility of the national government

20
Q

Experience has shown that the only way to effectively reduce

A

Illegal immigration the flow of illegal immigration is to control it at the border

21
Q

Ideology

A

A consistent and integrated system of ideas, values, and beliefs

22
Q

Conservative support restrictions on

A

Abortion, endorse public religious expression, favor a war on drugs and pornography, oppose legitimizing of same-sex relationships, advocate tougher criminal penalties

23
Q

Conservative support limited on

A

Regulations on business, limits social programs to the “truly needy”, keep taxes low, and rejects programs to equalize income or wealth

24
Q

Liberals support

A

Extensive government social programs, extensive environmental protection, and favor programs to equalize income or wealth

25
Q

Liberals oppose

A

Restrictions on abortion and religious expression in public; favor legalizing marijuana use; support gay rights and tolerance towards alternative lifestyles; oppose restrictions on pornography, and strive to protect the rights of criminal defendants

26
Q

Populists

A

Support strong government to regulate business and provide economic security, and to closely regulate social conduct

27
Q

Libertarian

A

Oppose government intervention in both economic affairs and in the private life of citizens

28
Q

Left

A

Refers to liberal, progressive, and/or socialists side of the political spectrum

29
Q

Right

A

Refers to the conservative, traditional, anticommunist side of the political spectrum

30
Q

Fascism

A

A political ideology that asserts the supremacy of the state or race over individuals

31
Q

Every individual, interest, and class are

A

Secondary to the good of the nation. It opposes rights of liberty or equality and stresses duties of service, devotion and discipline

32
Q

Marxism

A

A political ideology that views capitalism as an economic system that allows the owning class to exploit the working class

33
Q

The working class will inevitably rise across the world in a revolution to

A

Create a classless society. Marriage and religion will not be practiced after the revolution

34
Q

Leninism

A

A political ideology that claims the key to a successful revolution is the organization of small, disciplined, hardcore groups of professional revolutionaries that create a centralized totalitarian party

35
Q

Communism

A

A system of government in which a single totalitarian party controls all means of production and distribution of goods and services

36
Q

Socialism

A

A system of government involving collective or government ownership of economic enterprise, with the goal being equality of results, not merely equality of opportunity

37
Q

The agenda of academic radicalism is

A

Politically correct thinking

38
Q

Politically correct (PC) is

A

Characterized by repression of attitudes, speech, and writings that are deemed racist, sexist, homophobic (anti-homosexual), or otherwise “insensitive.”

39
Q

Politically correct thinking

A

Does not tolerate open discussion or debate

40
Q

Opposition is

A

Denounced as “insensitive”, racist, sexist, or worse, and intimidation is frequent