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psychology 201 > chapter 9: intelligence > Flashcards

chapter 9: intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

francis galton

A
  • one of the first experimental psychologists and the founder of what is now called differential psychology
  • differential psychology is the psychological differences between people and common traits
  • he believed that intelligence was biologically inherited
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2
Q

charles spearman

A
  • english psychologist that is known for his work in statistics
  • believed that people who are intelligent in our area are intelligent in others
  • thought intelligence is composed of general abilities “general intelligence”
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3
Q

louis thurstone

A
  • believed the exact opposite of thurstone
  • believed that people have specific traits that they are intelligent in
    ex: if you’re good at building doesn’t mean you’re good at math
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4
Q

raymond b. cattell

A
  • believed that intelligence was made up of 2 types
    1. fluid intelligence: (street smarts)
    you’re able to learn new things and adapt to solving new problems
    ex: building a puzzle for the first time
    2. crystallized: (book smart)
    you retain the information you already know
    ex: trivia test
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5
Q

what did raymond b. cattell think about general intelligence?

A

he believed that general intelligence is a variety of 100 abilities working together to bring out different intelligences

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6
Q

robert sternberg

A
  • believed that intelligent behaviour came from creative, analytical and practical abilities
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7
Q

practical intelligence

A

ability that individuals use to find the best fit for the situation
- common sense

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8
Q

analytical intelligence

A

being able to analyze new situations and problems and making decisions

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9
Q

creative intelligence

A

being creative

going above and beyond

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10
Q

howard gardner

A

believed in 8 different types of intelligences

  1. spatial- picture smart
  2. naturalist- nature smart
  3. logical- number smart
  4. linguistic- word smart
  5. interpersonal- people smart
  6. interpersonal- self smart
  7. bodily kinaesthetic- body smart
  8. musical- music smart
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11
Q

what is reliability ?

A

reliability is the consistency of a measure

the ability to have a consistent response

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12
Q

what is split test reliability?

A
  • splitting a test in half and both half being the same level of difficulty
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13
Q

what is validity?

A

validity is the accuracy of a measure

it is the idea that the test will measure what it says it does

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14
Q

content validity

A
  • represents the component of a topic

ex: when you’re moving out you order the stuff room by room. kitchen has kitchen stuff only

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15
Q

criterion validity

A
  • predicts something (success, failure)
    eX: in a job interview, you take a test on how well you’d do. you got 80%. you get the job and do an 80%job on it then it has criterion validity
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16
Q

construct validity

A
  • talks about one thing only

eX: a test on sleep will only be a test on sleep not factors building up to it

17
Q

Alfred Binet (& Theophile Simon)

A
  • they assisted students with extra needs, made a test ti see what kids could do
  • Alfred created the first reliable intelligence test
  • Binet believed that intelligence was a learned entity
18
Q

Binet- Simon Scales

A
  • they questioned the ability of children and believed that 8 year olds can do more than 6 year olds and 6 year olds can do more than 4 year olds
  • believed that children had a different form of intelligence then adults , so they needed to be measured in a different way
  • he came up with the term “intelligent quotient” IQ
19
Q

what is intelligent quotient?

A

intelligent quotient is IQ=MA/CA*100

  • if a kid has a IQ of 100, he has normative development
  • if a kid has less than 85 IQ he has delayed development
20
Q

Stanford-Binet

A
  • standardized scores
  • we now use stanford binet
    no longer used MA/CA
21
Q

Wäscher Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

A
  • weschler changed the face of intelligent
  • believed that binet focused too much on verbal skills
  • he created an adult scale that measures intelligence by using hands, rather than words
22
Q

cultural biases

A
  • white men made the tests
  • they did it on what they knew and who they knew
  • there were issues with girls getting degrees

psychology 201 (3 decks)

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