chapter 10: motivations and emotions

Question 1

what are the 4 components of emotions?

Answer 1

1. feelings
2. biological reactions: psychological reactions when you’re happy mad sad
   ex: when you’re angry your heart rate increases
3. motivations: every emotions motivates you to do something
   ex: when you’re hungry you eat
4. bodily attractions: facial expressions, every emotion is linked to a facial expression

Question 2

paul ekmon

Answer 2

• became famous for looking at cross culture faces
• known for his work in reading facial expressions
• concluded that people all around the world made the same facial expressions, even blind people when they’re sad, happy, mad etc

Question 3

carol izard

Answer 3

• concluded her theory by looking at the emotions that appear in early infancy

Question 4

robert levenson

Answer 4

he asked what the purpose of an emotion is , and looked at all revolutionary behind emotions

Question 5

what are the 6 emotions

Answer 5

happy 
sad
angry 
surprised
disgust 
fear

Question 6

combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Answer 6

• supermotivation
• combining doing what you love AND getting a prize out of it
• getting prizes for something takes the fun out of doing what you love
• ends up only being about the prize
  ex: kids that colour

Question 7

intrinsic motivation

Answer 7

• doing something because you want to do it

- for the pleasure of the act itself

Question 8

extrinsic motivation

Answer 8

• doing something only if you get something in return

Question 9

what would give you intrinsic motivation?

Answer 9

1. competence
2. autonomy
3. relatedness

Question 10

competence

Answer 10

• doing something with the best of your ability, staying on top of your game
• allows someone to feel like they can do it
• need a good amount of challenge

Question 11

relatedness

Answer 11

• sense of belonging, wanting to be loved

Question 12

autonomy

Answer 12

• wanting a choice, having your voice heard

- not being told what to do or you will just do the opposite of what you’re told

Question 13

flow theory

Answer 13

• when the level of difficulty or challenge is a good balance
• we get in the “zone”
• completely focused

Question 14

kinsey scale

Answer 14

• sexuality is not binary, you are either gay or straight
• there was no bisexual, gay or transexual
• if you were it was called being slutty, or experimenting

there were myths where they would see if you’re gay or straight by your hair swirl or finger length

Question 15

4 stages of sexual motivation / sex drive stages

Answer 15

1. desire: you see something, you want it
2. arousal: clothes are coming off, you are going to have sex
3. orgasm: releasing fluids
4. resolution: in men, they can’t go again they are so tired after the first orgasm
   with women, there are 60% who won’t reach the orgasm stage and if they do they might orgasm again and again

Question 16

oxytocin

Answer 16

“hug hormone”

• women have more of it, they get a high when kissing hugging or breastfeeding
• it doesn’t always end in sex

Question 17

testosterone

Answer 17

• more of it in men
• they want to have sex
  ex: if they see boobs and they want the boobs they’ll go after the boobs

Question 18

sexual selection

Answer 18

• males want to spread their genetics so they have multiple sexual partners
• women take the time to invest in resources, make sure the guy is suitable because they’d rather have 1 amazing kid than 20 stupid ones

Question 19

set point theory

Answer 19

• fat cells release storage, can’t get rid of them, size only decreases
• lots of people want to lose weight so they diet and when the weight is off they stop but it comes back because there body has a set point it is

Question 20

short term appetite

Answer 20

blood sugar low= hungry
blood sugar high = full

people don’t only eat because there hungry, other factors influence food such as : place, time, variety and sizes

Question 21

long term energy balance hormones

Answer 21

ghrelin: makes you starving

leptin : happens at the end of the meal, tells you you’re full

Question 22

homeostasis

Answer 22

• the idea of balance

- keeps everything the same

Question 23

emotional pathways

Answer 23

are emotions cognitive or biological? they are both

cognitive: focuses more on mental aspects of emotions
STIMULUS-> SOCIALIZED RESPONSES-> CORTICAL BRAIN (conscious) -> COGNITIVE

biological: facial expressions, psychological reactions
STIMULUS-> INATE IMPULSES-> SUBCORTICAL BRAIN (unconscious) -> BIOLOGICAL

Question 24

emotional suppression

Answer 24

• negative emotions have functions
• when you don’t show emotions you shut down communication
• it helps to open up

Question 25

complex emotions

Answer 25

- require self regulation and self evaluation - they are self conscious emotions - don't show till 2 years old ex: shame and guilt

Question 26

negative evaluations

Answer 26

guilt: evaluation on behaviour shame: evaluation on yourself not behaviour embarrassment: a part of you going public when you didn't want it to ex: lettuce in teeth

Question 27

positive evaluations

Answer 27

pride: satisfaction in your own work triumph: VICTORYYYYYY- hands fly in the air

Question 28

other evaluative emotions

Answer 28

envy: you want what they have jealousy: you don't want them to have it hate: you don't think they deserve anything love: you want the best for them compassion: you understand their pain empathy: you put yourself in their shoes sympathy: you feel sorry for them

Question 29

submissive smile

Answer 29

``` 2 types of smiles - fake smile when you're polite or embarrassed - happy smile you're genuinely happy ```

Question 30

surprised

Answer 30

least researched comes for 5 seconds and either goes to happy or sad happy surprise is surprise party bad surprise is seeing a dead body

Question 31

fear

Answer 31

one of the primary emotions - fear saves our ass - we feel scared when we see a threat or danger

Question 32

anger

Answer 32

- you want to gain power and control | - you want to overcome an obstacle

Question 33

disgust

Answer 33

- repulsion - gagging seeing a rotten sandwich under your bed

Question 34

sadness

Answer 34

stronger emotion - you feel sad when we lose something we love or we fail - we cry to show we need help - we feel weak, no energy

Question 35

joy

Answer 35

- we feel happy when we get what we want 4 components of joy 1. wonder- calm 2. amusement- feeling entertained 3. contentment- you're just happy, chilling 4. schadenfreude: you feel happy when something bad happens to someone else