Chapter 9: Homeostasis Flashcards
homeostasis
the maintenance of a steady state within an organism by means of physiological or behavior feedback control mechanisms
osmosis
process of movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane (such as that of a living cell) into a solution of higher solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentrations of solute on the two sides of the membrane
osmotic thirst
motivation of drink water caused by an increase in salt in the intracellular space that causes water to move out of cells; cells then begin to shrink
hypovolemic thirst
thirst induced by lack of water in the body, often due to loosing fluids such as blood and sweat
nephrons
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loop of Henle
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ascending limb
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aldosterone
a mineralocorticoid that causes the kidneys to retain sodium
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/ vasopressin
a peptide hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland that increases blood pressure during blood loss
paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
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supraoptic nucelus
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osmoreceptors
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baroreceptors / stretch receptors
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organum vasculosum of the limina terminalis (OVLT)
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angiotensin II
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renin
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glucose
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ketone bodies
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insulin
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glycogen
?
gluconeogenesis
the production of glucose from amino acids, a process that occurs in the liver in response to mild fasting
cephalic phase of insulin release
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digestive phase of insulin release
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Type I diabetes
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Type II diabetes
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Gestational diabetes
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diabetes mellitus
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diabetes insipidous
?
glucagon
a protein hormone that is secreted by the alpha-cells of the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels
MSH
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CART
?
AgRP
?
orexigenic hormones (definition)
hormones that stimulate food intake
orexigenic hormones (types)
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anorexigenic hormones (definition)
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anorexigenic hormones (types)
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metabolic syndrome
?
HDL
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LDL
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Prader-Willi Syndrome
?
androgens
the primary steroidal product secreted from the testes
grehlin
a peptide hormone produced by stomach cells; it is thought to increase feelings of hunger
orexin
?
endorphins
?
progesterone
?
CCK (cholecystokinin)
a hormone released by the lining of the small intestine that may be involved of the satiation of food intake
CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)
a peptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of ACTH (corticotropin) by the anterior pituitary gland
GHRH (growth hormone-releasing hormone)
also called somatocrinin. A polypeptide hormone that is released from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that provokes the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland
estradiol
?
leptin
a protein hormone secreted by fat cells that may communicate information to the brain about body fat content
asprosin
?
neonatal progeroid syndrome
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H. pylori
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gut microbiome
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subtheraputic antibiotic treatment (STAT)
?
fecal transplantation
?
glycogenolysis
the breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver or muscles to provide a steady supply of glucose for energy
