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Hormones and Behavior > Chapter 11: Stress > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Stress Flashcards

1
Q

environmental stress

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2
Q

physiological stress

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3
Q

psychosocial stress

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4
Q

epinephrine

A

a catecholamine produced in the adrenal medulla that increases cardiac tone and glucose levels

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5
Q

norepinephrine

A

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6
Q

adrenal medulla

A

the inner portion of the endocrine organ that sits above the kidneys in vertebrates and secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

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7
Q

sympathetic nervous system

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8
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

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9
Q

enteric system

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10
Q

hypothalamus

A

a part of the diencephalon located just below the thalamus that is important in he regulation of autonomic and endocrine functions

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11
Q

CRH (corticotropin-releasing hormone)

A

a peptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the release of ACTH (corticotropin) by the anterior pituitary gland

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12
Q

pituitary gland

A

an endocrine gland that sits below the hypothalamus and has two distinct anatomical components, the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary, each derived from different embryological origins and having different functional roles in the endocrine system

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13
Q

ACTH

A

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14
Q

glucocorticoids

A

one of the two types of corticoids secreted from the adrenal cortices; often released in response to stressful stimuli

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15
Q

cortisol

A

the principal glucocorticoid produced in the adrenal cortices of primates

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16
Q

vasopressin/ antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

a peptide hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland that increases blood pressure during serious blood
loss

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17
Q

prolactin

A

a protein that is highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution and has many physiological functions

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18
Q

beta-endorphin

A

an endogenous opioid produced in the anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus in vertebrates; resembles opiates in its action as a “natural painkiller”

19
Q

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Axis

A

a complex and interactive system that compromises three endocrine glands: the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland that constitute a major neuroendocrine system that regulates stress response.

20
Q

glucagon

A

a protein hormone that is secreted by the alpha-cells of the islets of Langerhans is response to low blood glucose level

21
Q

glycogen

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22
Q

psychosocial dwarfism

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23
Q

maternal separation model

A

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24
Q

MR

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25
Q

GR

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26
Q

histone

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27
Q

histone acetylation

A

an epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation whereby an acetyl is added to residues protruding from the histone core. Acetylation increases access to genes and thereby their transcription

28
Q

acetyl group

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29
Q

histone acetyltransferase (HAT)

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30
Q

acetalization

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31
Q

histone deacetylation (HDAC)

A

an epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation whereby an acetyl group is removed from residues protruding from the histone core. Acetylation decreases access to genes and thereby their transcription

32
Q

cytosine

A

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33
Q

methyl group

A

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34
Q

methylated cytosine

A

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35
Q

acetylation

A

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36
Q

demethylation

A

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37
Q

serotonin

A

a neurotransmitter formed from tryptophan; the precursor to melatonin formation in the pineal gland

38
Q

NGFI - A

A

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39
Q

trichostatin

A

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40
Q

dentate gyrus

A

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41
Q

sub-ventricular zone (SVZ)

A

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42
Q

dendritic atrophy

A

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43
Q

proliferation

A

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44
Q

catecholamines

A

hormones that are derived from tyrosine and secreted primarily from the medulla

Hormones and Behavior (6 decks)

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