Chapter 9 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Vasculitis is caused by:

A

Immune-mediated inflammation, drug hypersensitivities, irradiation, trauma and vascular invasion by pathogens

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2
Q

The most common type of vasculitis in the elderly.

A

Giant Cell Arteritis

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3
Q

Which signs and symptoms are seen in GCA?

A

Diplopia/vision loss, HA, pyrexia and tenderness

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4
Q

GCA is most common in:

A

Elderly (avg. 55 years)

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5
Q

GCA is also called:

A

Temporal arteritis

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6
Q

GCA typically affects which artery?

A

Temporal artery (also ophthalmic artery if vision loss occurs)

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7
Q

System-wide vasculitis that affects small and medium-sized arteries.

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

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8
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa affects which parts of the body?

A

Kidney, heart, liver and visceral arteries

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9
Q

PN is most common in:

A

Young adults

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10
Q

PN symptoms include acute attacks that often resolve and then return. This type of symptomotology is referred to as:

A

Paroxysmal (“comes and goes”)

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11
Q

Immunosuppression results in remission in what percentage of cases of PN?

A

90%

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12
Q

What type of necrosis will be seen in PN?

A

Fibrinoid necrosis

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13
Q

Cervical lymphadenopathy, acute/persistent fever and strawberry tongue are also signs and symptoms of:

A

Kawasaki disease

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14
Q

Kawasaki disease is the most common vasculitis among which population?

A

Pediatrics (80% less than 4 years old)

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15
Q

If an MI occurs in a pediatric patient, you would suspect:

A

Kawasaki disease

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16
Q

Painful, cyanotic extremities, gangrene and local inflammation of the hands and feet caused by chronic smoking.

A

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)

17
Q

Which patient population is most likely to have Buerger disease?

A

Males typically around 35 years

18
Q

Raynaud phenomenon is most commonly seen in:

A

Adolescent/young adult FEMALES

19
Q

Venous thrombosis without previous inflammation is termed:

A

Phlebothrombosis

20
Q

Venous thrombosis following inflammation is termed:

A

Thrombophlebitis

21
Q

Dilated and tortuous superficial veins and increased intraluminal pressure are signs of:

A

Varicose veins

22
Q

The most common type of thrombophlebitis is _____ and occurs in _____% of all cases.

A

DVT; 90%

23
Q

Lymphedema is primarily the result of _____ and secondarily the result of _____.

A

Congenital defects; Obstruction

24
Q

_____ is the result of acute lymphedema, while chronic lymphedema results in _____.

A

Peau d’orange; brawny induration

25
Q

Acute inflammation of the lymphatic vessels and red streaks are signs of:

A

Lymphangitis

26
Q

True/False: Vascular tumors are typically malignant.

A

FALSE; they are benign

27
Q

Hemangiomas are common in _____ and are most commonly seen where?

A

Newborns (1:200); Face/head

28
Q

75-80% of hemangioma cases resolve by what age?

A

7 years

29
Q

Kaposi sarcomas are most commonly seen in patients with ____ and are caused by which microorganism?

A

AIDS; human herpesvirus 8

30
Q

Angiosarcomas are usually _____, and are typically seen in which patients?

A

Malignant; Older adults

31
Q

True/False: Angiosarcomas have a poor prognosis.

A

True (30% 5-year survival rate)

32
Q

Angiosarcomas most commonly occur where?

A

Skin, breast and liver

33
Q

What is the purpose of endovascular stenting?

A

Preserve luminal patency

34
Q

Which vein is typically used as a transplant for vascular interventions?

A

Saphenous vein (now it’s internal mamillary artery)