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Systems Path > Chapter 12 Final > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Final Flashcards

1
Q

A collapsed lung is also called:

A

Atelectasis

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2
Q

3 categories of atelectasis.

A

Resorption, Compression and Contraction

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3
Q

Resorption atelectasis most commonly results in:

A

Obstruction (MC in mucous in bronchus)

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4
Q

The type of atelectasis characterized by pleural effusion and common in CHF patients.

A

Compression atelectasis

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5
Q

The type of atelectasis characterized by fibrotic changes in the lungs.

A

Contraction atelectasis

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6
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by:

A

Diffuse alveolar damage and prevention of gas exchange

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7
Q

Obstructive vs. Restrictive pulmonary diseases

A

Obstructive: Decreased expiratory flow rate

Restrictive: Decreased forced vital capacity

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8
Q

Permanent destruction and enlargement of pulmonary parenchyma (no fibrosis) are characteristics of:

A

Emphysema

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9
Q

What are the main subtypes of emphysema?

A

Centracinar and panacinar

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10
Q

The most common type of emphysema is:

A

Centriacinar

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11
Q

Centriacinar emphysema is characterized by:

A

MC in lung apices, and chronic smokers

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12
Q

Which type of emphysema is most common in the lower lungs?

A

Panacinar

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13
Q

Panacinar emphysema occurs as a result of a deficiency in what?

A

alpha1-antitrypsin

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14
Q

What is the difference in acini in both types of emphysema?

A

Centriacinar: Only central acini affected

Panacinar: Acini are uniformly affected

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15
Q

“Pink puffer” is characteristic of:

A

Emphysema

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16
Q

What is the hallmark of chronic bronchitis?

A

Hypersecretion of mucus

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17
Q

Chronic bronchitis is most common in what patient population?

A

Males (smokers)

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18
Q

“Blue bloater” is characteristic of:

A

Chronic bronchitis

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19
Q

Chronic bronchitis is defined as pronounced and productive coughing over _____ consecutive months in _____ consecutive years.

A

3 months over 2 years

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20
Q

The 4th leading cause of death in the US?

A

COPD

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21
Q

What is the difference between chronic bronchitis and asthma?

A

CB is irreversible, asthma is reversible

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22
Q

What percent of the US population has asthma?

A

10%

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23
Q

The most common type of asthma, also called genetic asthma.

A

Atopic asthma

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24
Q

Which type of asthma occurs with a family history, associated with skin reactions and has a childhood onset?

A

Atopic asthma

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25
Q

The type of asthma that has no allergen sensitization and is also called intrinsic asthma.

A

Non-atopic asthma

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26
Q

Emphysema causes:

A

Destruction of alveolar walls

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27
Q

The lethal form of asthma is called:

A

Status asthmaticus

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28
Q

Permanent dilation of the bronchial tree, necrotizing infections and foul/purulent sputum are all characteristics of:

A

Bronchiectasis

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29
Q

“Honeycomb lung” and “ground glass shadows” are signs of:

A

Chronic interstitial lung diseases

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30
Q

Diffuse interstitial fibrosis occurs most commonly in which patients?

A

Males > 60 years old

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31
Q

Nonproductive cough, dyspnea and “velcro-like” cracking on inspiration are all characteristics of:

A

Diffuse interstitial fibrosis

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32
Q

Pneumoconiosis results from:

A

Inhalation of particulates (workplace exposure MC)

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33
Q

Which types of mineral dust are inhaled in pneumoconiosis?

A

Coal dust, silica (MC) and asbestos

34
Q

Coal dust vs. silica vs. asbestos inhalation

A

CD: No increase in lung cancer
Silica: Lung CA risk
Asbestos: Mesothelioma

35
Q

The most common occupational disease worldwide is:

A

Silicosis (MC quartz)

36
Q

Silicosis most commonly affects which lobes of the lung?

A

Upper lobes

37
Q

What disease is most commonly going to manifest with noncaseating granulomas and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy?

A

Sarcoidosis

38
Q

Sarcoidosis is most common in younger adults of which descent?

A

African American

39
Q

What is the classic triad of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndrome?

A

Hemoptysis, anemia and diffuse pulmonary edema

40
Q

The classic form of DAHS.

A

Goodpasture syndrome

41
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis vs. Goodpasture syndrome.

A

Wegener’s: Type IV hypersensitivity, granulomas, males ~40 years

GPS: Type II HS, pulmonary infiltrates, DAHS, Males ~20-30 years/Females ~60-70 years old

42
Q

Mechanisms of lung abscess.

A

Aspiration, obstruction and hematogenous

43
Q

Lung abscesses occur MC on which side?

A

Right side

44
Q

Chronic pneumonia manifests as which type of necrosis?

A

Caseous necrosis

45
Q

Chronic pneumonia is caused by which microorganism?

A

Mycobacterium TB

46
Q

Infection caused by TB is what type of hypersensitivity?

A

Type IV

47
Q

What is the test given for TB?

A

Tuberculin (Mantoux) test

48
Q

Which type of TB is asymptomatic and doesn’t transmit?

A

Primary TB

49
Q

Which type of TB is associated with granuloma formation with possible cavitations?

A

Secondary TB

50
Q

Which type of TB is MC with immunosuppression (HIV)?

A

Systemic miliary TB

51
Q

The MC form of extrapulmonary TB is called:

A

Lymphadenitis

52
Q

Which type of TB has a poor prognosis?

A

Secondary TB

53
Q

Erythema nodosum is an inflammation of the fat cells just beneath the skin and is found in about 25% of patients with:

A

Sarcoidosis

54
Q

Histoplasmosis is a _____ infection of the lungs involving inhalation of soil that is contaminated with bird and bat droppings.

A

Fungal

55
Q

Primary lung CA is common and lethal. What does it MC affect?

A

Bronchial epithelium

56
Q

Benign lung tumors that involve cartilage and vessels.

A

Hamartomas

57
Q

The most common cause of CA-related deaths.

A

Pulmonary carcinomas

58
Q

Pulmonary carcinomas account for ___% of lung CA dx and are most common in which population?

A

90%; 50-70 years old (smokers)

59
Q

True/False: SCLC offers better prognosis than NSCLC.

A

FALSE; NSCLC offers a better prognosis than SCLC

60
Q

Which type of pleural lesion is MC and is associated with pleural effusion?

A

Secondary

61
Q

Hemothorax vs. Chylothorax

A

Hemo: Blood is in the pleural cavity
Chylo: Lymphatic fluid is in the pleural cavity

62
Q

The MC type of pleural effusion, associated with CHF and hydrothorax.

A

Pleural transudate

63
Q

Which type of pleural effusion is associated with pleuritis and is protein-rich?

A

Pleural exudate

64
Q

Which pneumothorax is idiopathic?

A

Spontaneous

65
Q

Which type of pneumothorax shifts the mediastinum and is a medical emergency?

A

Tension pneumothorax

66
Q

What is the latency period after exposure for malignant mesothelioma?

A

25-40 years

67
Q

The “common cold” is a type of:

A

Acute respiratory infection

68
Q

The most common cause of acute respiratory infections.

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis (caused by Group A b-hemolytic streptococci)

69
Q

Streptococcal pharyngitis may develop into:

A

Peritonsillar abscess or acute rheumatic fever

70
Q

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by which microbe?

A

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

71
Q

Two rare forms of laryngitis.

A

Tuberculous (chronic active TB) and Diphtheritic

72
Q

Diphtheria is caused by which microbe?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

73
Q

Diphtheria is characterized by a:

A

“Dirty gray” pseudomembrane

74
Q

Dangers of diphtheria?

A

Aspiration or airway obstruction and absorption of exotoxins

75
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis is also called:

A

Croup

76
Q

Croup is caused by which microbes?

A

Parainfluenza virus and RSV

77
Q

A “seal-like” bark is characteristic of:

A

Croup

78
Q

Which laryngeal tumors are benign?

A

Vocal cord polyp and laryngeal papilloma or squamous cell papilloma

79
Q

Laryngeal papillomas are caused by which virus?

A

HPV 6 and HPV 11

80
Q

Throat cancer is an example of which type of laryngeal tumor?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma (95% of all cases)

81
Q

How many cases of throat cancer are fatal?

A

1/3

Systems Path (4 decks)

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