Chapter 9 - Extranuclear Inheritance Flashcards
streptomycin resistance is a form of what type of mutation
chloroplast
four o’clock plant is a form of
chloroplast vegiation
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
genes participate in conversion of energy to chemical bonds; small; double stranded; closed circle
dilution effect
zygote receives many mitochondria, so the mtDNA mutation becomes less important
heteroplasmy
adult has a mix of wild type and mutant mitochondria
inheritance of mitochondrial disorders
maternal
myclonic epilepsy and ragged red fiber disease (MERRF)
mitochondrial disorder where A is substituted for G in a genome sequence
maternal inheritance
effects: deafness, dementia, low muscle coordination
ataxia
low muscle coordination
leber’s hereditary option neuropathy (LHON)
maternal inheritance
sudden onset bilateral blindness
kearns syre syndrome
effects: vision and hearing loss, cardiac problems
heteroplasmy more common with age
symptoms worsen in adulthood
mitochondrial replacement therapy
cytoplasm from a donor egg is transferred into recipient egg, which is fertilized via in vitro fertilization
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
zygote is removed and transferred to an anucleated donor egg
results of IV
three person IVF:
half nuclear genome from father, half nuclear genome from mother, mitochondrial genome from donor
infectious heredity
particles/’infection’ transmitted in eukaryotic cytoplasm
kappa particles
bacteria like particles (DNA + protein) that can produce a toxin called paramecin
