Chapter 9: Elections Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of elections

A
  • selecting representatives
  • shaping policy (choice between platforms)
  • promoting accountability (holds incumbents accountable)
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2
Q

normal election

A
  • high percentage of incumbents are re-elected

- party ratios in house and senate don’t change much

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3
Q

nationalized election

A
  • turnover is much higher; reelection rates for party’s incumbents decreases
  • open seat = no challenger
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4
Q

position-taking

A

writing legislation, voting on legislation, appearing on committees, giving floor speeches

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5
Q

fundraising

A

making phone calls, attending events, meeting w/ interest groups

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6
Q

electioneering

A

going back to one’s district, appearing on tv, and running campaign ads

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7
Q

attack ads

A

campaign advertising that criticizes a candidate’s opponent, typically by making potentially damaging claims about opponent’s background on record

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8
Q

Geer

A

campaign ads have several beneficial effects:

  • people exposed to campaign ads tend to be more interested in the campaign
  • they also tend to know more about he candidates bc ads highlight real differences
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9
Q

candidate ads

A

positive

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10
Q

interest group ads

A

negative

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11
Q

paradox voting

A

the question of why citizens vote even though their individual votes stand little chance of changing the lection outcome

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12
Q

voter’s illusion

A
  • voting is an act of altruism, which means we vote not for ourselves, but for others
  • most people vote vc a civic ripple effect that benefits nation as a whole (like “wave”)
  • people vote bc it looks good and makes them feel good
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13
Q

voting cues

A

pieces of info about a candidate that are readily available, easy to interpret, and lead a citizen to decide to vote fora particular candidate

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14
Q

incumbency

A

vote for the incumbent

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15
Q

partisanship

A

vote for your party

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16
Q

personal vote

A

vote for the incumbent if he/she helped you out

17
Q

personal characteristics

A

vote for the candidate who’s personal characteristics match your own

18
Q

retrospective evaluation

A

vote for the incumbent if he/she has made things better

19
Q

for (or against) party in power

A

vote for the incumbent if his/her party has done a good job (nationalized)

20
Q

requirements for candidates

A

president: 35, born in US, 4 yrs
senator: 30, resident of state & US for 9 years, 6 yrs
representative: 25, resident of state & US for 7 years, 2 yrs

21
Q

FECA

A
  • created the Federal Election Commission
  • provided for public financing for presidential candidates
  • enacted strict limits on both contributions and expenditures
  • allowed political action committees (PAC) to use money to solicit individual contributions
22
Q

In 2014, an individual could donate:

A

$2,600 per candidate per election
$32,300 per national party per year
$10,000 per state party per year
$5,000 per PAC per year

23
Q

Buckley v. Valeo

A
  • limiting campaign expenditures violated the 1st amendment
  • limiting campaign contributions was constitutional, bc the gov has a vested interest in preventing corruption
  • disclosure requirements also violated the first amendment
  • -only required to report contributions that are ear marked for political purpose
  • -only required to report expenditures for communications that expressly advocate for election/defeat
24
Q

hard money

A

donations tha are used to help elect or defeat a specific candidate

25
Q

soft money

A

contributions that can be used of rooter mobilization or to promote a policy proposal or point of view as long as these efforts are not tied to supporting or opposing a particular candidate

26
Q

magic words

A
vote for
elect
support
vote against
defeat
reject
27
Q

McCain-Feingold

A

considered following ads electioneering communications and may no longer be funded:

  • refers to a clearly identified candidate for federal office
  • publicly distribute don radio or tv for a fee
  • communication is distributed w/in 30 days prior to a primary or 60 days prior to a general election
  • targeted to the relevant electorate
28
Q

McCain-Feingold exceptions:

A
  • no other forms of communication are covered by these restrictions
  • restrictions do not apply to broadcast ads by state
  • do not apply to charitable organizations that are exempt from federal taxes
29
Q

disclosure

A

all states require some level of disclosure form candidates, committees, and political parties of the amount and source of contributions and expenditures

30
Q

contribution limits

A

not MO, OR, UT, and VA

31
Q

public financing

A

candidates shot ask grants agree to:

  • spending limits
  • limit or cease raising private contributions
32
Q

Citizens’ United

A
  • under 1st amendment, corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections can’t be limited
  • disclosure requirements are constitutional
  • upheld ban on direct contributions to candidates from corporations and unions
33
Q

Post-Citizens’ United

A
  • any outside group can use corporate money to make a direct case for who deserves your vote on election day and why
  • no limits on timing
  • superPACS (can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money)
    ex. Arizona