Chapter 9: Diagnosis, Case Formulation And Treatment Planning Flashcards
Abnormal
atypical,
rare,
unusual,
nonconformist,
outrageous?
Mental Disorder is
-emotional, cognitive disturbance
• A dysfunctional psychological, biological behavior or underlying developmental processes
• A disability in social, occupational, and other activities
When may behaviors not be considered mental disorders?
– Culture-bound behaviors
– A common stressor (death of a loved one)
– Conflicts between individual and society
Who classified mental disorders?
French psychiatrist Jean-Etienne-Dominique Esquirol
Who distinguished between dorms of mental disorders?
German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin
What are the advantages of the DSM-5-TR?
-communication
-research sharing/similar disorders
-treatment
Limitation of the DSM-5-TR>
-Reliabilty issues
-Use of descriptive criteria: causes disorders not well understood
-ambiguous criteria
-sociocultural Context
-over inclusiveness
Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)
-Promotes research integrating genetics,
neuroscience, and behavioral science
• Leads to objective diagnostic system of “biotypes” aligning with biologically based treatments
• RDoC includes six domains with sets of constructs
Negative Valence system
Brain systems that control responses to adverse situations such as fear, anxiety, prolonged exposure to threat, grief and sad events ( loss ), and losing out on a potential reward (frustrative nonreward)
Positive valence systems
How brain responds to receiving rewards, and learns to adapt to reward contingencies
Cognitive systems
Brain processes that control awareness,
Social processes
The brain’s regulation of how we relate to others, including developing social connections
Arousal and regulatory systems
The body’s regulation of hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex (arousal); energy
Sensorimotor systems
Processes responsible for learning to control and execute motor behaviors (motor actions)
Predisposing factors
Factors that predispose the
client to developing problems (e.g., traumatic brain injury, sexual abuse)
Precipitants
Factors that trigger or worsen the client’s problems (e.g., being turned down for a date)
Case formulation strengths
• Rooted in cognitive, behavioral theory; researched
• Tailored to suit individual clients (not all clients)
• Considers sociocultural factors
• Typical and atypical behaviors exist on continuums
• Iterative approach allows revision of hypotheses
Case formulation drawbacks
• Little research available evaluating case formulation: its
usefulness and outcomes
• Unknown reliability
• Clinicians must remain updated on relevant research, theories
