Chapter 12: Cognitive-behavior Interventions Flashcards
Who are the undisputed originators of cognitive behavioral treatment?
Aaron beck and Albert Ellis
Cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT)
• Improves psychological functioning; corrects
maladaptive thinking and behaving
• Changes thoughts and feelings about self, others,and unpleasant situations beyond control
• Enhances problem solving, communication
Cognitive perspective
• Thoughts influence emotions and behaviors
– Clinicians and clients work together to identify, remove maladaptive thinking
Cognition
Thoughts about events, situations in environment
ABC Model
– A: activating event, activity, and adversity
– B: beliefs
– C: emotional and behavioral consequences
What is the ABC model?
Different disorder have diffrent maladaptive thinking patterns
Major depressive disorder
The tendency to see oneself as a failure, the future as hopeless, and to focus on negative aspects of situations
Generalized anxiety disorder
The tendency to overestimate the probability and severity of a crisis (e.g., losing a job)
Social anxiety disorder
The belief that others are always very critical and that it’s awful to be evaluated negatively
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Overestimates of threat and responsibility, beliefs that intrusive thoughts are highly significant and need to be controlled, and the intolerance of uncertainty and imperfection
Panic disorder
The idea that experiencing anxiety is dangerous or harmful (e.g., when my heart beats fast, I worry I’m having a heart attack)
Illness anxiety disorder
Beliefs that one is medically ill (despite a lack of evidence) and that any pain or discomfort is a sign of a serious medical problem
All or nothing thinking
Seeing things in either “black or white” categories
Overgeneralization
Seeing a single negative event as a never-ending pattern
Mental filter
Exclusively focusing on a negative aspect(s) of a situation
Disqualifying the positive
Rejecting positive experiences by insisting that they do not “count,” for one reason or another
Jumping to conclusions
Making negative interpretations without adequate evidence
Mind reading
Assuming you know what others are thinking without adequate evidence
Catastrophizing
Attributing or anticipating extremely awful consequences to events
Emotional reasoning
Assuming that negative emotions necessarily reflect the situational reality
Should and musts statements
Endorsing rigid yet arbitrary rules
Labeling and mislabeling
Taking one behavior or characteristic of oneself (or others) and applying it to the whole person
Personalization
Entirely blaming oneself, or someone else, for a situation that involved many factors or was out of your control
Maladaptive thoughts
Endorsing thoughts that are not necessarily irrational or distorted, but are nevertheless unproductive or unhelpful
Downward arrow technique
• Identifying a particular adverse event,
• Asking the client what this situation means, and
• Continuing to ask the same question until one or
more dysfunctional thinking patterns is revealed
CBT outcome
-lasts 8-20 weeks
-When clients learn situational skills application treatment ends
-self report also used
Collaborative empiricism
-client and practitioner share responsibility for CBT
• How client’s maladaptive cognitions lead to
maladaptive behavior, distress
• Distress can be reduced with healthy cognitions |Collaboratively devise beneficial positive ways of
thinking
Who developed rational therapy (RT)
Albert Ellis
What is Rational therapy
– Based on ABC model; used emotive, metaphorical techniques to change clients’ feelings, behavior
(Renamed to rational emotive therapy) (RET)
What does rational emotive therapy address?
Irrational beliefs of clients (confront beliefs to become realistic)
Demandingness
Absolutistic ideas such as musts, absolute shoulds, have tos, “I need,” and “I ought”
Awfulizing
Evaluating something as more than 100% bad
Low frustration tolerance
The idea that a struggle (or other situation) is truly unbearable
Conditional self/other acceptance
Labeling oneself (or acceptance
someone else) based only on a single characteristic or an aspect of behavior
Socratic dialogue
-client asked open-ended, direct questions to promote logic
• Homework assignments strengthen new
thoughts
Becks cognitive therapy
-less directive than REBT
-uses guided discovery
-ABC process (slowed down)
What is guided discovery?
Collaborative empiricism
Becks cognitive therapy outcome?
-research support for children/adults
-as effective as medication for depression
-longer lasting effects
(Not suitable for all)
Cognitive bias modification
-experimental intervention (tasks completed to changed biased thinking)
-less conscious way
-word sentence association
What is a word sentences association
Users make benign changes to ambiguous situations
Cognitive bias modification outcomes
-efficiency/effectiveness under study
-suitable to clients w/o access to therapy/low intervention
-cognitive flexibility
-shows low efficiency/improvements not maintained
Multi component CBT programs are
-treatment packages that include behavioral and cognitive components
-treatments developed for DSM disorders
Criticisms of CBT
-developed on European Americans (not diverse sample)
-effort required from client for treatment to work
-limiting to those with less motivation/ learning disabilities
