Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Chapter 9: Controlling Microbial Growth In The Environment > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Controlling Microbial Growth In The Environment Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Disinfection

A

Destroys vegetative pathogens

Not endospores

Inanimate objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Antiseptic

A

Applied directly to exposed body surfaces

Disinfectant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sanitization

A

Cleansing technique

Mechanically removes microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Degermation

A

Mechanically removed microbes from skin

Surgical hand scrubbing
Alcohol before venapuncture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bacteriocidal

A

Kills bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

Inhibits growth and multiplication of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cell wall

A

Integrity of cell

Can’t stop cell from bursting due to osmotic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Viral envelope

A

Attachment of virus to target cell

Damage will interrupt viral replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Damage to proteins and nucleic acids

A

Chemicals
Radiation
Heat
Produces fatal mutants and halts protein synthesis through action on RNA

Depends on shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most to least susceptible microorganisms

A 
Enveloped viruses
Gram positive
Non enveloped viruses
Fungi
Gram negative
Trophozoites
Cysts of Protozoa 
Mycobacteria
Bacterial endospores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

High level germicides

A

Kill all pathogens including endospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Intermediate level germicides

A

Kill fungal spores protozoan cysts viruses and pathogenic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Low level germicides

A

Kill vegetative bacteria fungi Protozoa and some viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Thermal death point

A

Lowest temp

Kills in broth in 10 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thermal death time

A

Time to sterilize volume of liquid at set temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Moist heat

A

Used to sterilize sanitize and disinfect
Denatures proteins/destroys cytoplasmic membrane
Water is better conductor of heat
Boiling autoclaving pasteurization ultra high temp sterilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Boiling

A

Kills vegetative cells and most viruses in 10 min

Endospores can survive

18
Q

Autoclaving

A

Boiling temp⬆️
Pressure⬆️
-121 C

19
Q

Pasteurization

A 
Milk
Not sterilization
Heat tolerant microbes survive 
  •not pathogenic
  •less likely to cause spoilage
20
Q

Batch method pasteurization

A

30 min at 63 C

21
Q

Flash Pasteurization

A

15 seconds 72 C

22
Q

Ultra High Temp Pasteurization

A

1second 140 C
Treated liquids can be kept at room temp
Creamer

23
Q

Dry Heat

A

Denatures proteins
Oxidizes metabolic and structural chemicals
Higher temp for longer time
Incineration:ultimate mean of sterilization

24
Q

Desiccation

A

Drying inhibits growth due to removal of water

Microbistatic

25
Q

Lyophilization

A

Long term preservation of microbial cultures

26
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

High concentration of salt or sugar in foods inhibit growth
Cells in a hypertonic solution of salt or sugar lose water cells dessicates
Fungi

27
Q

Radiation

A

Shorter wavelengths mean more energy and greater penetration

Ionizing or non ionizing due to its effects on cellular chemicals

28
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Wavelengths shorter than 1 nmelextron brand gamma and x rays

Eject electrons from atoms to create ions

Ions disrupt hydrogen bonding oxidize double covalent bonds create hydroxide ions which denature other molecules

29
Q

Electron beams

A

Effective at killing but can’t penetrate

Sterilize spices meats micro plastic ware medical and dental supplied

30
Q

Gamma rays

A

Penetrate well but require hours to kill microbes

Sterilize meats spices fruits and veggies

31
Q

X-Rays

A

Too much time required for practical growth control

32
Q

Non ionizing radiation

A

Wavelengths > 1 nm
Excited electrons and makes them make new covalent bonds
Affects 3D structure of proteins and nucleic acid
UV light
•doesn’t penetrate well
•thymine dimers in DNA
Disinfecting air transparent fluids surfaces of an object

33
Q

Methods of microbial control

A

Affects microbes cell walls cytoplasmic membranes proteins or DNA

Effect varies with temp length of exposure amount of organic matter

Varied with pH concentration and age of chemical

Effective against enveloped viruses vegetative cells of bacteria fungi Protozoa

34
Q

Phenol

A

Intermediate to low level disinfectants
Denatures proteins and disrupts cell membranes
Lysol
Remain active for prolonged time

35
Q

Alcohols

A

Intermediate level disinfectant
Denature protein disrupt cytoplasmic membrane
Evaporate rapidly
Swabbing of skin with 70% ethanol prior injection

36
Q

Halogens

A

Intermediate anti microbial chemicals
Damage enzymes via oxidization
Bleach iodine tablets bromine disinfectant

37
Q

Oxidizing agents

A

Peroxide ozone and peracetic acid kill by oxidization of enzymes

High level disinfectants/ antiseptics
Hydrogen peroxide disinfects and sterilizes surfaces
Ozone treatment for water
Sporocide used to sterilize equipment

38
Q

Surfactants

A

Low level disinfectant
Surface active chemicals that reduce surface tension of solvents to make them more effective in dissolving solutes
Soaps and detergents

Quats: low level colorless and tasteless used for medical and industrial application

39
Q

Heavy metals

A

Low level bacteriostatic
Alter 3D shape of proteins inhibiting or eliminating their function

1% Silver nitrate

40
Q

Aldehydes

A

Denatures proteins
Inactivates nucleic acids
Glutaraldehyde disinfects and sterilizes
Formalin used in embalming and disinfection

41
Q

Gaseous agents

A

Denature proteins and DNA by cross linking functional groups
Used in hospitals and dental/ vet offices
Can be hazardous to people could be explosive and poisonous in high concentration carcinogenic

Ethylene oxide

42
Q

Sterilization

A

Destroys all viable microbes including viruses and endospores

Microbicidial

Microbiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions